首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2019-09-23
25
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists — or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions — in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion — a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.
A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
According to the passage, people who are unhappy with publishers of scientific journals______.
选项
A、criticize the unfair publication of scientific articles
B、object to their slowness and the high costs of the journals
C、blame them for the slow pace of recent scientific progress
D、think that journals should be abolished as an obstacle to freedom of speech
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据题干关键词定位第4段第1句,从后文可知批评集中在两点:出版时间长达数月;垄断造成价格难以下降。故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cAMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Whatkindofpeoplewereearlycolonialnewspapersdesignedfor?
Whatkindofpeoplewereearlycolonialnewspapersdesignedfor?
A、ClarkWarrenhasbeeninthegreatestdifficultyimaginable.B、Nearlyallhisfriendshadapainfulexperienceofmarriage.C、
WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthegeneralmanagerandhisassistants?
Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeherpersonality?
A、正确B、错误A推理判断题。根据原文Politicallythewaterwaysystemunitedthenationinawayfewhadimaginedpossible,bythemid-1800s,faste
ShouldUrbanGrowthbeRestricted?VocabularyandExpressionsrepercussionAbercrombiePlanoptimalaccommodateaut
TheTrendsofChineseTouristsTravellingAbroadVocabularyandExpressionsshoppingtourdutyfreeproductsTahitiM
Thereportbelievesthatsomecompaniestendtofalsifyabloodtestresult.
Overthepast50years,technologyhaschangedthefishingindustrydramatically.Today,theromantic,ruggedindividualfisherm
随机试题
引起公示催告程序终结的情形有:
下列哪些肿瘤是上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤
使中心静脉压升高的因素有
有关沥青混凝土面层弯沉测试评定中,下列情况正确的是()。
某房地产公司重点开发具有自然采光、通风良好、装修环保的住宅,这种经营观念属于()。
金融约束论的核心思想是()。
()是教材编写、教学评估和考试命题的依据,是国家管理和评价课程的基础。
【2015年广西.单选】学校教育最基本的课程资源是()。
下列加线的部分,有些要保留,有些要删除,要删除的是:在①当时两个势力最大的军阀曹操和袁绍②相争,孔融知道曹操和袁绍③这两个人都企图篡夺汉朝政权,他对曹操和袁绍④谁也不依附。
下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是:
最新回复
(
0
)