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  3. Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

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问题     Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their abilities to survive and reproduce in an environment. The differences in individuals is a result of their genetic inheritance from their parents. In a population, any characteristic which blocks reproduction success tends to decrease generation by generation. In time, the ill-adapted die out. On the other hand,the individuals who do survive and reproduce will tend to produce offspring which are better adapted to the environment. Natural selection tends to promote adaptations that will increase the organism’s ability to survive in an environment.
    Natural selection can serve to stabilize a population if the new traits, called mutations, are eliminated when they appear because they are not as well-adapted to the environment. The opposite effect is obtained when a new trait is introduced which allows individuals to adapt better over time, the species will change as this mutation becomes more widespread in the population. In human beings, increased brain size helped individuals to adapt better, and so brain size increased gradually in the species. Changes in the overall genetic makeup of a population are normal when there are environmental changes, especially sever environmental disruptions. Specialized adaptations to specific environments can lead, over time, to the development of subpopulation of individuals, ones who are better adapted to particular soil conditions food sources and so on. Given enough time, these subpopulations may develop into separate species, such as zebras and horses, living in distinct environments and not interbreeding.  
Which of the following is NOT true about natural selection?
选项 A、Natural selection favors adoptions that help a species to survive.
B、Natural selection works against extreme changes in a species.
C、Natural selection allows helpful new traits to spread through a population.
D、Natural selection occurs in periods of severe environmental disturbances.
答案D
解析 题目询问以下选项哪一个不是自然淘汰的正确描述。A选项在之中第一段末句中出现，B答案与第二段的第一句内容相同，均为“避免种类极度变化”，C答案可从第二段第二句中找到。排除A、B、C，故D为正确答案。
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