2. 外语
  3. Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been

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问题    Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
   Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
   The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950’s and 1960’s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques
   They used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation, and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.
   More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past.
   In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building’s basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.
In the third paragraph, the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are ______.
选项 A、quite different from each other
B、equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures
C、usually taught to students of archaeology
D、both based on similar principles
答案A
解析 在第三段中，作者暗示出社会科学的方法和历史的方法是：A非常不同于彼此；B在研究史前文化时同等有用；C通常教授于学考古学的学生； D两者都依据类似的原则。第三段第五句表明：历史考古学家进入社会，由于他们知识有限以及长期从事历史文献的深入研究，故他们对美国社会的贡献并不大。这一切都说明A是本题的最佳选择。
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