首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
公务员
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
admin
2020-03-28
16
问题
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experiences.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.
Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gate-keepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public(including other scientists)receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works its way through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may
not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim——a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”
Albert would most likely agree that____________.
选项
A、scientific claims will survive challenges
B、discoveries today inspire future research
C、efforts to make discoveries are justified
D、scientific work calls for a critical mind
答案
D
解析
推断题。根据题干关键词定位在文章第四段。第七句指出…discovery as“seeing what everybody has been and thinking what nobody has thought”,此句引用Albert的观点指出科学研究发现需要看到“每个人看到的,想到别人没想到的”,由此可知,他认为科学研究发现需要有观察思考能力,因此D项“科学研究需要评判思维”为正确答案。A项“科学声明将经受住挑战”、B项“今天的发现引发未来的研究”都是对原文的曲解。C项“做出科学发现的努力是合理的”与段落关联不大,故排除。故本题选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cPjY777K
本试题收录于:
银保监财经类题库国家公务员分类
0
银保监财经类
国家公务员
相关试题推荐
随着微信用户群体不断扩大,微信在流量获取、社群运营、用户规模与黏性方面的优势越发明显,越来越多的教育产品开始________微信生态探索新的服务模式,吸引用户进行________分享,以降低获得新用户的成本,提升用户黏性。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是
下列有关《中华人民共和国民法典》的说法不正确的是:
个人信息保护立法的优劣,最重要的评价标准就是科学而且精准地________两大法律价值,一方面是保障个人信息权益,同时又不能过度影响个人信息的合理利用。相信随着各方积极参与讨论,________,最终一定会制定出一部良善的个人信息保护法,实现二者的____
下列关于风险管理的做法合适的是:
心理暗示是人们为了某种目的,在无对抗的条件下,用含蓄的、间接的方式发出一定的信息。使他人或自己接受所示意的观点、意见,或按所示意的方式进行活动。根据上述定义,下列不属于心理暗示的是:
行政征收是指行政机关或者法定授权的组织根据法律、法规的规定,向公民、法人或者其他组织无偿收取一定财物的行政行为。行政征收须以公民、法人或者其他组织负有行政法上的缴纳义务为前提,其实质是国家以强制方式无偿取得管理相对人一定财产所有权。根据上述定义,以下不属于
某农产品销售公司组织10辆运输车装运鳕鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼共60吨去外地销售,每辆车只能装运同一种鱼,且必须装满。装运每种鱼的车辆都不少于2辆,每辆车的载鱼量分别为鳕鱼8吨、草鱼6吨、鲫鱼5吨,每吨获利分别为0.1万元、0.2万元、0.3万元,最大的利润是:
下列关于人民币的法定管理部门的叙述中,有误的一项是()。
Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiverese
进口配额属于()。
随机试题
A.二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉高压B.三尖瓣关闭不全C.主动脉瓣狭窄D.主动脉瓣关闭不全右心室前负荷增加可见于
艾滋病(AIDS)是一种
通过航摄成1:1000的图,那么航摄比例尺范围应为()。
根据《劳动法》的规定,下列各项中,用人单位可以解除劳动合同的情形是()。
每进入软件系统各子模块时,我们先选择正确的账套、会计年度,并输入操作日期、用户名和()进行注册,以确认身份。
国有资产转让应当遵循哪些基本规则?
扣缴义务人A公司以拒绝向税务机关提供有关资料的方式,阻扰税务机关进行税务检查,当地税务机关对该公司的行为进行了调查,认为该公司的违法行为成立,向该企业送达了《税务行政处罚告知定书》,告知其当事人已经查明的违法事实、证据、行政处罚的法律依据和拟将给予的行政处
小儿前囟闭合的正常时间是()。
洛克认为培养绅士的途径是()。
HowtoEatWellA)WhydosomanyAmericanseattonsofprocessedfood,thestuffthatiscorrectlycalledjunk(垃圾)andshou
最新回复
(
0
)