首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Note-taking in Lectures For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better-understanding of a lecture. It invo
Note-taking in Lectures For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better-understanding of a lecture. It invo
admin
2011-01-08
46
问题
Note-taking in Lectures
For listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve better-understanding of a lecture. It involves many separate skills, four of which will be analyzed here.
Ⅰ. Understand what【1】says.
1. severe strain: 2 reasons
—word【2】in speech.
—new words.
2. solution: eoncentrate on what are most important
Ⅱ. Sort out the main points.
1. focus on the title: write down the title【3】and completely.
2. be aware of signals of what is important or unimportant.
signals indicating importance:
—【4】
—speak slowly or loudly
—use a greater range of intonation
—employ a combination of the devices signals【5】
—deliver sentences quickly, softly
—use a narrow range of intonation
—use【6】pauses
Ⅲ. Write down【7】quickly and clearly.
1. use abbreviation
2. select words that give【8】( nouns, verbs, adjectives)
3. write one point on each line
4. find time to write【9】.
Ⅳ. Show the connections between the various points the listeners have noted.
1. use spacing, underlining, and【10】
2. number points
【8】
Note-taking in Lectures
Note-taking is a complex activity which requires a high level of ability in many separate skills. Taking your own notes will promote a deeper understanding of the content of the lecture. How to take notes? The general principle in note-taking is to reduce the language by shortening words and sentences. Today I’m going to analyze the four most important of these skills.
(1) Firstly, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non-native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often—as we’ve seen in a previous lecture—(2) he may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straight away in print. He’ll also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. While he should, of course, try to develop the ability to infer their meaning from the context, he won’t always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to discourage him however. It’s often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most important. But how does the student decide what’s important? This is in itself another skill he must try to develop. It is, in fact, the second of the four skills I want to talk about today.
Probably the most important pieee of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed or referred to beforehand the student should study it carefully and make sure he’s in no doubt about its meaning. (3) Whatever happens he shouht make sure that he writes it down accurately and completely. A title often implies many of the major points that wilt later be covered in the lecture itself. It should help the student therefore to decide what the main point of the lecture will be.
A good lecturer, of course, often signals what’s important or unimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, tor example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it clown. Unfortunately, the lecturer who’s trying to establish a friendly relationship with his audience is likely on these occasions to employ a colloquial style. He might say such things as "This is, of course, the crunch" or "Perhaps you’d like to get it down". Ahhough this will help the student who’s a native English speaker, it may very well cause difficulty for the non-native English speaker. He’ll therefore have to make a big effort to get used to the various styles of his lecturers.
It’s worth remembering that most lecturers also give indirect signals to indicate what’s important. (4) They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important.(5) Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within a narrow range of intonation and with (6) short infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the stuclent to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly.
(7) Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to write them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. That is, in fact, the third basic skill he must learn to develop. In order to write at speed most students find it helps to abbreviate.(8) They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, (9) finding time to write the notes. If the student chooses the wrong moment to write he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or coimectives may guide hiiu to a correct choice here. Those connectives which indicate that the argument is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it’s safe time to write "moreover, " "furthermore," "also," etc. , are examples of this. Connectives such as "however" "on the other hand" or " nevertheless" usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to follow. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen.
The fourth skill that the student must develop is one that is flequently neglected. He must learn to show the connections between the various points he’s noted. This can often be done more effectively, by a visual presentation than by a lengthy statement in words.(10) Thus the use of spacing, underlining, and conventional symbols plays an important part in efficient note-taking. Points should be numbered, too, wherever possible. In this way the student can see at a glance the framework of the lecture.
选项
答案
maximum information
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cReO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessors,musicalstyledidnotincludeessentialcharacte
A、Sharon’sgovernmentaimedatalleviatinginternationalpressureonIsraelB、Sharon’sgovernmentfeltguiltyoftheirexcessive
Thewordtaskoriginallymeantmoneytobepaidbypeopleofbusinessestoagovernmentforpublicpurposes,butnotitreferst
Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal"conveyorbelt"redistributesoceanorganisms.It’splane
Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal"conveyorbelt"redistributesoceanorganisms.It’splane
Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconventions,oratleast
Note-takingSkillsNote-takingrequiresahighlevelofabilityinmanyskills,particularlyinthefollowingfourmostimpo
Thetelevisioncommerciallookslikeone-minuteversionofthemovieCloseEncountersoftheThirdKind.Awell-dressedthreesom
A、MissChartwasoncedismissedbytheemployer.B、MissChartwasnotongoodtermswithherco-workers.C、MissChanoncequitte
随机试题
根据我国法律规定,我国人民法院可以裁定驳回原告的起诉,告知其向更方便的外国法院提起诉讼所涉及的情形包括()
A.肾气不足B.脾肾阳虚C.脾虚气弱D.肺脾气虚E.心肾失交病儿梦中遗尿,夜卧躁扰不宁,白天多动少静.辨证应为
全身麻醉药是一类能抑制__________功能的药物,可使意识、感觉和反射暂时消失,骨骼肌松弛。
从事建筑活动的(),应当依法取得相应的执业资格证书,并在执业资格证书许可的范围内从事建筑活动。
期货投资者保障基金由()集中管理、统筹使用。[2016年3月真题]
某期货公司拟聘请张某为期货公司的首席风险官,对张某的提名和聘任,下列说法中错误的是()。
构成法的基本单位是()。
(2015年真题)甲与妻子乙协议离婚,约定8周岁儿子由乙抚养,甲支付抚养费。后甲与有一女儿的丙再婚,并在婚后继续给付儿子抚养费。十年后,丙因病去世。丙去世时,其近亲属还有姐姐丁。有权继承丙遗产的人有()。
试求一个正交的相似变换矩阵,将下列对称矩阵化为对角矩阵:
A、Shewasanexcellentstudentatcollege.B、Sheworksintheentertainmentbusiness.C、Sheisfondoftellingstoriesinhersp
最新回复
(
0
)