首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
admin
2017-11-14
70
问题
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives (档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories (仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
Which of the following best summarizes the text?
选项
A、The internet is posing a threat to publishers.
B、A new mode to publication in laboratory.
C、Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
D、Publication is rendered easily by online service.
答案
B
解析
主旨题。文章第一段介绍了科研成果发表的传统过程,用于引出第二段以后所介绍的新的网络出版模式。文章主要从“免费使用科研成果"和“网络出版”两个角度分析了学术期刊出版的变化。B项“新的出版模式正在出现”强调了出版方式的变化,是正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cSIZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturningh
Inspiteof"endlesstalkofdifference",Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis"thedemocrat
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras"abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth."But【C1】______someclaimstothec
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot【C1】______itsleg
Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,therefore,thechoiceofan【C1】______shouldbemade
Socialsciencehasweighedinonthe"tigermom"debate,anditlookslikeeveryoneisright:Bothover-protectiveandlaid-back
TheaverageBritishpeoplegetsix-and-a-halfhours’sleepanight,accordingtotheSleepCouncil.Ithasbeenknownforsomet
Iftheonlineserviceisfreethenyouaretheproduct,technicianssay.GoogleandFacebookmakea【C1】______collectingpersonal
Iftheonlineserviceisfreethenyouaretheproduct,technicianssay.GoogleandFacebookmakea【C1】______collectingpersonal
Iftheonlineserviceisfreethenyouaretheproduct,technicianssay.GoogleandFacebookmakea【C1】______collectingpersonal
随机试题
某家电企业是一家拥有300多亿资产的巨型企业,在目前产品多样化和高科技化的市场需求面前,你认为该企业最适宜的组织结构形式是()
婴幼儿易发生尿路感染的解剖特点不包括哪一项
地籍按功能可分为()。
经济法是调整()的法。
某票据的出票日期为“2015年2月15日”,其规范写法是()。
对于一个批处理系统,大部分是内部处理过程,这时用原型方法是一个理想选择。
鲜花∶塑料花
恐怖症是指病人持续地和非理性地害怕某一特定物体、活动或情境,这种恐惧相对于实际的威胁来说是夸大的和非理性的。根据上述定义,下列不属于恐怖症的是()。
在不兑现的货币制度下,本(位)币一定是()。[重庆大学2016研]
MigrantWorkersInthepasttwentyyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyforworkerstomovefromonecountrytoanot
最新回复
(
0
)