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  3. Our ocean holds the key to some of our world’s greatest challenges, such as combating climate change and ensuring affordable and

Our ocean holds the key to some of our world’s greatest challenges, such as combating climate change and ensuring affordable and

admin2021-09-25  31
问题     Our ocean holds the key to some of our world’s greatest challenges, such as combating climate change and ensuring affordable and clean energy for all. One of those challenges will be to satisfy the increasing global demand for critical minerals to support a future society based on【B1】 ________  energy and technology. As the world’s population continues to grow, from 7. 8 billion today to 9. 6 billion in 2050, it will be【B2】 ________  to find new sources of reliable and ethically sourced minerals.
    If【B3】 ________ in an environmentally sustainable manner, metals found in the deep seabed such as nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt, have the【B4】 ________ to help meet our global clean energy goals. But to make this happen, we need deep-sea research to help us identify the necessary measures to prevent and reduce environmental impacts. Deep-sea research is also critical to advancing global knowledge of marine biodiversity and ecological processes. Deep-sea science and innovation will be key to delivering a more sustainable ocean. It is also essential to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , and it is important to【B5】 ________  the immense power of the Blue Economy.
    Recently, 30 of the world’s top scientists and legal experts in the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 【B6】 ________ the 26th annual session of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) Legal and Technical Commission. At the top of the【B7】 ________ was a question; How can we sustainably develop marine mineral resources, 【B8】 ________ ensuring protection of the environment and biodiversity?
    The【B9】 ________ of battery metals such as lithium and cobalt alone will have to increase by nearly 500 percent by 2050 to meet the growing demand for clean energy technologies such as wind, solar and geothermal power, as well as the energy storage required in the【B10】 ________ to a low-carbon economy. Many of these critical minerals are found in the deep seabed. Three types of resources have been identified so far; polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich manganese crusts. ISA’s mandate under international law is to【B11】 ________ these minerals are obtained in a sustainable way: through a global regulatory【B12】 ________ that contains robust safeguards to enhance the protection of the marine environment and biodiversity.
    ISA is an international organization【B13】 ________ 167 member states and the European Union, along with 92 observers including 30 observer states, 32 intergovernmental organizations and 30 NGOs. ISA is mandated under UNCLOS to regulate all mineral-related activities in the deep seabed area beyond the【B14】 ________ of sovereign state. That’s over half of the seafloor of the global ocean. This area and its mineral resources have been【B15】 ________ by UNCLOS as the common【B16】 ________ of mankind, to be accessed only with the permission of ISA. Financial and other economic benefits derived from activities undertaken in this area must be【B17】 ________  shared among all States.
    Over the last 25 years, ISA has developed a 【B18】 ________  set of regulations dealing with exploration for mineral resources in this area. Building on this, exploration has become increasingly mature. Now, a major effort is【B19】 ________  to develop regulations for the extraction of these minerals, known as the Mining Code. Once in place, the code will require any mining companies planning to undertake activities in the international seabed area to abide by【B20】 ________  global environmental requirements.
【B18】
选项 A、controversial
B、incomplete
C、dubious
D、comprehensive
答案D
解析 逻辑关系题。选项的意思分别为[A]“有争议的”；[B]“不完整的”；[C] “可疑的”；[D]“综合的，全面的”。根据后一句话，“在此基础上，勘探日益成熟”，可以说明国际海底管理局制订的关于在该区域勘探矿物资源的条例非常完备，因此答案选[D]。
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