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  3. These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families st

These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families st

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问题      These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families struggling to afford them.【61】 Thanks to a sturdy stock market, school do nations have ballooned; yet increases in tuition becomes steep, which few institutions have held down.
     Williams College, a prestigious arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3 % -- the smallest hike in 30 years.
     【62】 These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the exceptionally large tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their donations to control price increases. Since 1080 ,college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation, while the median in come of families with college-age children has increased only 12%. Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years -- but still more than twice the rate of inflation. Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb. gorilla facing colleges and universities.
     Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1. 1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. 【63】 But college officials who oppose using do nations to freeze tuition say the students most sensitive to increases are not affected by them. If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need ? The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. 【64】 Gordon Winston who works at Williams College as an economist says that families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on" automatic pilot". Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed.
     One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its $3 billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores ,juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. 【65】Another reason why the universities and colleges now restrain their educational fees is out of concern that public resentful anger will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a $31 billion package to make higher education more affordable.
【64】
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答案在威廉姆斯学院工作的一位经济学家戈登·温斯顿说，那些将价格和质量划等号的家庭其实默许了一流大学学费“随行就市”的情况。
解析 本句为复合句。这个句子的主干是Gordon Winston who...says that families that... have allowed....在这个句子里，主语Gordon Winston带了一个定语从语，谓语says的宾语是that引导的宾语从句families．．：have allowed．．，families又带了一个由that引导的定语从句，因而这个句子比较长。此外，还应注意automatic pilot的灵活译法，此词直译为“自动调整的飞行员”，用其引申义可译为“随行就市”。
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