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  3. 　　Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oil, all come from one so

　　Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oil, all come from one so

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问题 　　Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oil, all come from one source — crude oil found below the earth’ s surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25 000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those generating oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
　　Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per. hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
　　Petroleum products are different in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
　　The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are light oils, such as gasoline, kerosine, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is named as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various kinds of gasoline.
Which of the following is TRUE?
选项 A、The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.
B、Heating and condensation produce the various products.
C、Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.
D、Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.
答案B
解析 由第四段第一句“The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors．”推知B项为正确选项。
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