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  3. The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

admin2022-11-05  41
问题     The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Much of the world, though, prefers to take a nap. And research presented to the AAAS (American Academy of Arts and Sciences) meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so. Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that they probably have better memory, too. A post-meal snooze, Dr Walker has discovered, sets the brain up for learning.
    The role of sleep in consolidating memories that have already been created has been understood for some time. Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place. He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic memory, which relates to specific events, places and times. This contrasts with procedural memory, of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task, such as driving. The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates with increasing wakefulness, and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.
    They asked a group of 39 people to take part in two learning sessions, one at noon and one at 6pm. On each occasion the participants tried to memorize and recall 100 combinations of pictures and names. After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group, which remained awake, or a nap group, which had 100 minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. Those who napped, by contrast, actually improved their capacity to learn, doing better in the evening than they had at noon. These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.
    The benefits to memory of a nap, says Dr Walker, are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep. He warns, however, that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep. Moreover, not everyone awakens refreshed from a nap. The dazedness that results from an unrefreshing nap is termed "sleep inertia". Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who snooze regularly. It may be that those who have a tendency to wake up dazed are choosing not to nap in the first place. Perhaps, though, as in so many things, it is practice that makes perfect.
By saying "it is practice that makes perfect" (Line 7, Para 4), the author means that________.
选项 A、people need to learn how to take a rest
B、people can avoid sleep inertia by practice
C、people can perform better if they practice a lot
D、people needs practice to become a regular napper
答案B
解析 根据题干可定位到第四段第七句。这句话是沃克博士对小睡后有眩晕症状的人的建议。根据第六句，他认为这些人之所以出现这种症状，可能是因为一开始就没有选择午睡，从这句话可推断他认为眩晕的原因可能是缺乏练习，换言之，可以通过练习来避免睡后迟钝，所以B项正确。原文围绕nap和memory的话题来进行论述，A项中的rest“休息”并不等同于原文所说的nap“小睡”，A项属于偷换概念。C项中perform“表现”和practice“练习”含义不明确，没有指出是不是原文所说的memory“记忆”和nap“小睡”，所以C项也可排除。题千这句话的意思是多练习就不会出现小睡醒来后的眩晕，而不是需要通过练习来变成习惯性午睡者，所以D项也可排除。
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