首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the early 1950’s historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly
In the early 1950’s historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly
admin
2013-01-12
31
问题
In the early 1950’s historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite; the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the non-elite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether. Historians still did not know what these people thought or felt.
One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as "a point of entry into the mental world of the poor." Historians such as Le Roy Ladurle have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. It has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Roman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has still been possible to glean information from the study of legal documents.
The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court record may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. This use of records does yield some information about the non-elite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the non-elite. We also know that the number of indictments in pre-industrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the pre-industrial period with rates in another decade. Given these inadequacies, it is clear why the case history use of court records is to be preferred.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of indictments for crime in Europe in the pre-industrial period?
选项
A、They have, in terms of their numbers, remained relatively constant over time.
B、Their problematic relationship to actual crime has not been acknowledged by most historians.
C、They are not a particularly accurate indication of the extent of actual criminal activity.
D、Their importance to historians of the non-elite has been generally overestimate
答案
C
解析
根据文章第三段第四句“We also know that the number of indictments in pre-industrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts,and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time.”可知,前工业化时代的欧洲的起诉书的数量和实际犯罪 行为的数量关系不大,而且二者之间的关系随着时间发展而有着很大的变化。据此判断,答案 是C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/dV9O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Max,astudentofChineseliteraturefromAustralia,isvery______Beijingopera.
Thewarwasthemostpeacefulperiodofmylife.Thewindowofmybedroomfacedsoutheast.Mymotherhadcurtainedit,butthat
Unlikeajudge,whomustactalone,ajurydiscussesacaseandthenreachesitsdecisionasagroup,thusminimizingtheeffect
Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainstthe
A【51】offoreignwordsstilllooklikeforeignwords;thereareoftenexpressionswhich【52】originallyusedbypeoplewhowantedt
Earthquakes66.AttwominutestonooninSeptember1of1923,thegreatclockinTokyostopped.67.TokyoBayShookasifh
Itisunfortunatethat,owingtolackofmoney,theseexperimentsmustnow______beforetheobjectivehasbeenachieved.
AlthoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofGeorgeWashington,manyoftheincidentsareimaginary.
Violinprodigies,Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersinthelate19than
(66)Prosperousalumnihelpedmake2006arecordedfund-raisingyearforcollegesanduniversities,whichhauledin$28billion—a
随机试题
属于B类纤维的是
锅炉压力容器在正式使用前,必须登记、建档、取得使用证。负责登记及审查批准的当地政府部门是()。
后张法预应力混凝土T形梁施工采用底模联合振动时,应将两侧模板上下振动器位置交错排列。模板应设置()。
经济均衡是指()。
关于投资性房地产转换后的账面价值的确定。下列说法中正确的有()。
下列应税车辆,以最低计税价格为车辆购置税计税依据的有()。
色彩是一种物理光学现象,有光就有色。我们生活在缤纷的色彩世界,需要不断地了解色彩、恰当地应用色彩,使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。下列说法正确的是:①医院墙壁、桌椅选用蓝色或白色,使人心情平静②快餐店选用鲜艳的橙色易引起顾客食欲③中
Fewfoodsaremorealluringthanchocolate."Chocolateisadrugofabuseinitsowncategory,"jokesDr.LouisAronne."It’sah
已知向量组(Ⅰ)能由向量组(Ⅱ)线性表出,且秩(Ⅰ)=秩(Ⅱ),证明向量组(Ⅰ)与向量组(Ⅱ)等价.
Gettingauniversitydegreeisn’tjustgoodforyourmind—it’sgoodforyourheart,saysanewstudyinthejournalBMC(British
最新回复
(
0
)