2. 医学
  3. In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

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问题 In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.
                              什么是健康?
   人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两个方面。一个人的身体和心理都健康才称得上真正的健康。联合国世界卫生组织对健康下的定义是：健康的人不但没有身体疾患，而且有完整的生理、心理状态和社会适应能力。
   日前在我们国家，无论在健康人与病人中，或者在医务人员中，大都在不同程度上忽略心理健康。这对提高人的健康水平与提高医疗效果都产生消极的影响。例如在现实生活中，人们往往重视营养，而忽视饮食时的心理因素作用。人们注意身体的锻炼，而不重视心理的锻炼。甚至不知道什么是心理健康以及如何锻炼。在临床实践中，有些医务人员在病因上，重视病毒、感染等因素，忽视疾病的心理因素的作用；在诊断上重视物理诊断等，忽视心理诊断；在治疗上重视药物治疗，忽视心理治疗。其实，身体健康与心理健康是同等重要的。二者是相互联系、相互制约的。身心两方面健康是相辅相成的。
   随着21世纪的到来，人们更加专注自身的健康。追求长寿、健康已成为一种时尚。但是，如何才能健康，怎样才能长寿?健康与长寿的大敌又是什么呢?众多医学保健专家指出，介于疾病与健康之间的“第三状态”是人类健康与长寿的大敌。所谓第三状态，指人们经常感到自己身体难受不适的状态。主要表现为时常感觉身体很累，很疲倦，很想好好睡上一觉。此外，经常出现懒言、少气、食欲欠佳、对什么都不感兴趣、无精打采等症状，也就是人们常说的亚健康状态(sub-health condition)。如果说健康是人的第一状态，疾病是人的第二状态，那么亚健康则为人的第三状态。
   有关调查表明，随着经济的高速发展，竞争日趋激烈，生活节奏逐渐加快，亚健康人群的增多已成为一种不可回避的现实。该人群以中年人居多，职业涉及很广。一般来讲，越是有成就、收入越高，亚健康状态的出现频率越高，如经理、秘书、管理人员等都是亚健康状态的高发职业。此外，记者、律师、医生、自由职业者出现亚健康状态的比例也比较高。
   目前很“时髦”的“疲劳综合征”(exhaustion syndrome)就是亚健康状态的典型代表。疲劳综合症不仅在发达国家有相当高的发病率，在发展中国家也不少见。这类疾病表面看来对人体并无多大妨碍，仅仅表现为生理功能低下，但其潜伏的危险性却不容忽视，因为疲劳综合征往往就是某些慢性病的先兆。比如大家所熟悉的高血压、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等，很多都继发于疲劳综合征。
   对于亚健康状态，目前国内外尚无特效治疗方法，而学会自我调节，对于缓解、纠正人体的亚健康状态非常重要。这里提醒您注意以下几点：一是学会以轻松的心态对待学习、工作和生活，尽量不要故意给自己加压。二是要吃好。所谓吃好，不是指大吃大喝、大鱼大肉，而是指根据自己的实际情况选择饮食。三是一定要睡好，早睡早起。睡上一个好觉，精力、体力就容易恢复。
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答案 Health includes people’s physical and mental health. WHO defines it as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. People, healthy or not, along with medical staff, ignore mental health to some extent. People tend to attach importance to physical exercise while neglecting mental exercise. In clinical practice, some medical staff pay less attention to mental factors and psychological treatments. In fact, physical and mental health are significant equally, which are interrelated and mutually restricted. People care about their own health and pursue longevity. However the "third state", being subhealthy, serves as the barrier to people’s health. Exhaustion syndrome is the typical representative of such a state, which is characterized by fatigue, listlessness and poor appetite. It is reported that subhealthy people are mainly the middle-aged in a variety of professionals ranging from administrators to doctors. Potential risks of exhaustion syndrome should not be ignored, which tend to trigger some chronic diseases, such as hypertention, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and even cancers. Although there have not been effective treatments towards subhealth, self-regulation would work. First we should be positive towards study, work and life and try not to impose much pressure on ourselves. Additionally, you’d better choose proper diets and have sound sleeps. Keeping early hours is recommended.
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