A、Why American industries grew rapidly in the nineteenth century. B、How advances in transportation helped American cities develo

The focus of today’s class is on an important element in the development of United States cities, something the modern cities need to survive: efficient transportation. The rapid growth of cities in 19th century created a serious problem. Growth obviously meant greater distances between people’s home and their work places. People could no longer rely on walking. By the mid 19th century, some United States cities had used railways drawn by horses, but they were very slow. City planners understood that without improved transportation cities could not grow any larger and they welcome the invention of system of trolley cars on cables, powered by steam engines. These cables were able to pull cars up to the steep hills of San Francisco and so other large cities installed similar systems in 1880s. But although faster than horses, these cable cars still weren’t fast enough to solve the transportation problems of United States cities. Our real breakthrough came thanks to electricity. Electric trolley move twice as fast as the old horse drawn railways and they were clean. They designers of electric trolley came up with the new control system that allowed each part to be powered independently and have its own breaks, what’s safer and more efficient than cable cars. Electricity also helped the next great advance in urban transportation, the subway. It solved one problem that the early English subways suffered from, unbearable smoke of steam engines that made breathing in the subway tunnels almost impossible.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 22 to 25.
22. What is the talk mainly about?
23. According to the professor, what problem did many people face as cities grew larger?
24. Other than their speed, in what way were electric trolley car better than cable cars?
25. According to the professor, what major advantage for the subway did electricity offer?