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  3. The Origin of Refrigerators By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was

The Origin of Refrigerators By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was

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问题                         The Origin of Refrigerators
    By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War(1861 - 1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
    Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
    But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, more explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their product cool.
In paragraph 1 , the word "forward-looking" probably means______.
选项 A、greedy
B、generous
C、longing for greater profit
D、having modern ideas
答案D
解析 词义理解题。第一段里根据上下文可以看出，冰块最初被宾馆、酒店、医院以及卖鲜肉、鲜鱼和黄油的“有前瞻性”的商人使用。“有前瞻性”的人，也就是“有时髦的思想”的人。因此选择D。
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