首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, an
Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, an
admin
2010-12-25
56
问题
Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, and without previous education in the performance.
That instincts, as thus defined, exist on an enormous scale in the animal kingdom needs no proof. They are the functional correlatives of structure. With the presence of a certain organ goes, one may say, almost a native aptitude for its use.
"Has the bird a gland for the secretion of oil? She knows instinctively how to press the oil from the gland, and apply it to the feather. Has the rattlesnake the grooved tooth and gland of poison? He knows without instruction how to make both structure and function most effective against his enemies. Has the silk worm the functions of secreting the fluid silk? At the proper time she winds the cocoon such as she has never seen, as thousands before have done; and thus without instruction, pattern, or experience, forms a safe abode for herself in the period of transformation. Has the hawk talons? She knows by instinct how to wield them effectively against the helpless quarry. " (Chadbourne, 1872)
A very common way of talking about these admirable definite tendencies to act is by naming abstractly the purpose they subserve, such as self-preservation, or defence, or care for eggs and young—and saying the animal has an instinctive fear of death or love life, or that she has an instinct of self-preservation, or an instinct of maternity and the like. But this represents the animal as obeying abstractions which not once in a million cases is it possible it can have framed. The strict physiological way of interpreting the facts leads to far clearer results. The actions we call instinctive all conform to the general reflex type; they are called forth by determinate sensory stimuli in contact with the animal’s body, or at a distance in his environment. The cat runs after the mouse, runs or shows fight before the dog, avoids falling from walls and trees, shuns fire and water, etc. , not because he has any notion either of life or of death, or of self, or of preservation. He has probably attained to no one of those conceptions in such a way as to react definitely upon it. He acts in each case separately, and simply because he cannot help it; being so framed that when that particular running thing called a mouse appears in his field of vision he must pursue; that when that particular baking and obstreperous thing called a dog appears there he must retire, if at a distance, and scratch if close by; that he must withdraw his feet from water and his face from flame, etc. His nervous system is to a great extent a preorganized bundle of such reactions—they are as fatal as sneezing and as exactly correlated to their special excitants as it is to its own. Although the naturalist may, for his own convenience, class these reactions under general heads, he must not forget that in the animal it is a particular sensation or perception or image which calls them forth.
At first this view astounds us by the enormous number of special adjustments it supposes animals to possess readymade in anticipation of the outer things among which they are to dwell. Can mutual dependence be so intricate and go so far? Is each thing born fitted to particular other things, and to them exclusively, as locks are fitted to their keys? Undoubtedly this must be believed bo be so. Each nook and cranny of creation, down to our very skin and entrails, has its living inhabitants, with organs suited to the place, to devour and digest the food it harbors and to meet the dangers it conceals; and the minuteness of adaptation thus shown in the way of. structure knows no bounds. Even so are there no bounds to the minuteness of adaptation in the way of conduct which the several inhabitants display.
When the author says "they are as fatal as sneezing " he means______.
选项
A、that like sneezing these reactions can be detrimental
B、that like sneezing these reactions can not be stopped
C、that like sneezing these reactions can caused by instinct
D、that like sneezing these reactions are unique and unrelated to other stimuli
答案
B
解析
本题的四个选项中,只有B项为正确答案。这可从文中的“His nervous system is to a great extent a preorganized bundle of such reactions--they are as fatal as sneezing and as exaetly correlated to their special excitants as it is to its own.”推知,即猫的神经系统在很大程度上是这些反应的预组织神经束,而这些反应和打喷嚏一样避免不了,并和它们的特定的刺激物密切相关。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ddIO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
•LookatthenotesaboutanAmericanbusinessmancalmedMatthewWebb,whoisworkingintheUKforacompanycalledElectra.•So
InTimBlack’scompany,whichpeopleusuallygetrelocatedabroad?
InTimBlack’scompany,whichpeopleusuallygetrelocatedabroad?
InTimBlack’scompany,whichpeopleusuallygetrelocatedabroad?
HEALTHSURE-foryouandyourfamilyManyhealthinsurancepoliciesonlycoverthepaymentsyouhavetomakewhenyougoint
HEALTHSURE-foryouandyourfamilyManyhealthinsurancepoliciesonlycoverthepaymentsyouhavetomakewhenyougoint
ReadthereportbelowaboutatalkonCustomerRelationshipMarketing(CRM).Aresentences16-22ontheoppositepage’Right’or
ReadthereportbelowaboutatalkonCustomerRelationshipMarketing(CRM).Aresentences16-22ontheoppositepage’Right’or
Inmanyculturespeoplewhowerethoughttohavetheabilityto______dreamswerelikelytobehighlyrespected.
Thisdiscrepancy(wasintriguingto)AlfredWegener,ayounggeologist(workingin)Greenlandin19Hethought(theerror)toogr
随机试题
支气管肺炎的主要症状为()、()、(),肺部哕音的特点为()。
A.左侧卧位B.膝胸卧位C.截石卧位D.蹲位E.俯卧位内痔切除术采取
甲、乙分别属于不同省份的居民,因工程纠纷甲将乙诉至被告乙所在地的区人民法院,法院依法作出一审判决。乙对该判决不服,上诉至其所在地中级人民法院。法院经审理,作出了驳回上诉、维持原判的二审判决。现被告乙拒不执行判决,原告应向()申请强制执行。
供应商参加政府采购活动必须有依法缴纳税收和社会保障资金的良好记录。()
期货公司及其股东、实际控制人或者其他关联人,为期货公司提供相关服务的律师事务所、会计师事务所等中介服务机构涉嫌违反本办法有关规定的,中国证监会及其派出机构可以对其负责人以及相关工作人员采取下列()措施。
下列有关现行房产税的纳税期限,表述正确的有()。
中国封建社会前后延续了两千多年,由盛转衰的主要表现不包括()。
(1)见义勇为(2)听到呼救(3)歹徒行凶(4)英勇献身(5)下夜班回家
请简要解释以下段落中画线部分的知识点。西方从亚里士多德的《诗学》开始就探讨广义的诗,即诗歌、散文、悲剧、喜剧等文学体裁的特征,以摹仿说建立起其诗学理论。中国古代大量的诗话、词话、曲话、小说评点等著作也是以论述诗、词、曲、小说创作技巧方法为主要内容的。王国
求1!+2!+……+10!的程序如下:PrivateFunctions(xAsInteger)f=1Fori=1Toxf=f*iNexts=fEndFunctionPrivateSubCommand1_Click()D
最新回复
(
0
)