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  3. While baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America, it probably developed from an eighteent

While baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America, it probably developed from an eighteent

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问题
   While baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America, it probably developed from an eighteenth-century English game called rounders. There were several versions of the game until 1845, when Alexander J. Cartwright organized "a group of players to decide on one set of rules. The main change from rounders was that a runner had to be tagged or touched by a player holding the ball to be put out, rather than hit by a thrown ball. This meant that a smaller, harder ball could be used, which in turn made possible a faster, larger game.
   Until the mid-1860s, baseball was an amateur sport, which means that the players were not paid. The first professional team, the Cincinnati "Red Stockings" , was organized in 1869 and within two years the sport was more or less professional. Nowadays the best players can earn millions of dollars playing baseball.
   Professional baseball in the United States and Canada consists of two leagues and for the first half of the twentieth century there were also separate leagues for black players. The black leagues produced many excellent players but it wasn’t until the 1940s, and the success of Jackie Robinson playing for the Brooklyn " Dodgers" , that black players were integrated into white major-league baseball in the United States.
   Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere. Dozens of English-language idioms have been derived from baseball, for instance, the baseball meaning of " out of the ball park" is to hit a home run, but its non-baseball equivalent is to do something well or exactly as it should be done. The baseball cap has become a worldwide fashion i-tem not only in the United States, but also in countries where the sport itself is not particularly popular, such as the United Kingdom.
   Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment. One of the first major examples, Ernest Thayer’s poem "Casey at the Bat" , appeared in 1888. There have been many baseball movies, including the Academy Award-winning The Pride of the Yankees(1942)and the Oscar nominees The Natural(1984)and Field of Dreams(1989). Literary works connected to the game include the short fiction of Ring Lardner and novels such as Robert Coover’s The Universal Baseball Association, Inc. , J. Henry Waugh, Prop. Baseball’s literary canon also includes the beat reportage of Damon Runyon: the columns of Grantland Rice, Red Smith, Dick Young, and Peter Gammons: and the essays of Roger Angell.
Questions 71—75
Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with no more than three words for each blank.

   Baseball is regarded as the national sport of the USA. Its history can be traced back to an eighteenth-century English game named【R1】______. There were several versions of the game until 1845,【R2】______one set of rules was decided on. Baseball was originally【R3】______, but in 1869 the first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was organized. For the first half of the twentieth century black players had separate leagues, but【R4】______ began in the 1940s because of the success of Jackie Robinson. Baseball extended its glamour to many other fields, such as fashion, language, art and entertainment. Many artists and film directors got【R5】______from the worldwide popular sport.
【R4】
选项
答案integration
解析 (文章第三段第二句提到在Jackie Robinson成功之后，黑人运动员才开始与白人运动员一起比赛。)
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本试题收录于： C类竞赛（非英语专业本科）题库大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）分类
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C类竞赛（非英语专业本科）

大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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