2. 外语
  3. You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about

You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about

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问题 You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Insight learning
Insight learning is often treated as a mode of learning distinct from either trial-and-error problem-solving or applying theory to specific cases. It is sometimes described as an "epiphany" , a "eureka experience." Three factors are typical of insight learning: 1) a series of problem-solving attempts has ended in failure: 2) existing theory offers no new avenues for a solution. An impasse has been reached: 3) a novel solution to the problem suddenly emerges. Often the solution has immense theoretical importance, amounting to what T.S. Kuhn calls "scientific revolutions."
Now hear a talk on the same subject.
Question: Using the information from the lecture, explain how the experiment of a chimpanzee reaching its food relates to the insight learning in the reading passage.
We have been discussing modes of learning this week, and today is about insight learning. The simplest example of insight learning comes right out of the experiments made on a chimpanzee.
In the experiments the scientists attached a bunch of bananas to the ceiling of the room, well out of the reach of the chimpanzee. The chimp’s first response, as expected, was to jump up and try to grab the bananas. He apparently tried several times, failing each time. After this, the chimp showed signs of sadness.
Shortly after, he found a box, one of several in the room: he then put the box under the bananas and climbed up on it. He still couldn’t reach the bananas, but he had a powerful insight. The chimp then put another box on the first, and a third on top of those. In the end, naturally, he got his bananas. More importantly, he invented a new method for getting hard to reach food. A box was no longer just a box. It was a chimpanzee’s tool.
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答案The lecture is about an academic concept called insight learning. And the professor in the lecture explains this concept by giving an example of an experiment made on a chimpanzee. In the experiment, the researchers placed bananas near the ceiling of the room which the chimpanzee cannot easily reach. The chimp first jumped up and tried to get the bananas, but he failed after trying several times. The chimp was sad. But later, he found a box and tried to stand on the box and grab the bananas. Still, he couldn’t reach the fruits, because one box was too low. Instead of giving up, the chimp then put another box on the first one, and then the third on top of all boxes. By adding few more boxes soon he got the bananas. The story shows how a new insight can be used to solve problems where habitual methods fail.
解析     Insight learning顿悟学习。其定义是：Insight learning is often treated as a mode of learning distinct from either trial-and-error problem-solving or applying theory to specific cases．将标题和定义带入模版，即是对阅读文章的复述。
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