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  3. For good or ill, globalization has become the economic buzz-word of the 1990s. National economies are undoubtedly becoming stead

For good or ill, globalization has become the economic buzz-word of the 1990s. National economies are undoubtedly becoming stead

admin2014-02-20  29
问题     For good or ill, globalization has become the economic buzz-word of the 1990s. National economies are undoubtedly becoming steadily more integrated as cross-border flows of trade, investment and financial capital increase. Consumers are buying more foreign goods, a growing number of firms now operate across national borders, and savers are investing more than ever before in far-flung places.
    Whether all of this is for good or ill is a topic of heated debate. One positive view is that globalization is an unmixed blessing, with the potential to boost productivity and living standards everywhere. This is because a globally integrated economy can lead to a better division of labor between countries, allowing low-wage countries to specialize in labor-intensive tasks while high-wage countries use workers in more productive ways. It will allow firms to exploit bigger economies of scale. And with globalization, capital can be shifted to whatever country offers the most productive investment opportunities, not trapped at home financing projects with poor returns.
    Critics of globalization take a gloomier view. They predict that increased competition from low-wage developing countries will destroy jobs and push down wages in today’s rich economies. There will be a race to the bottom as countries reduce wages, taxes, welfare benefits and environmental controls to make themselves more competitive. Pressure to compete will erode the ability of governments to set their own economic policies. The critic also worry about the increased power of financial markets to cause economic havoc, as in the European currency crises of 1992 and 1993, Mexico in 1994—1995 and South-East Asia in 1997.
As a result of globalization, all of the following might happen EXCEPT______.
选项 A、unemployment rate in rich economies might increase
B、competitiveness of low-wage countries might weaken
C、environmental problems in some countries might worsen
D、economic havoc might occur in some parts of the world
答案B
解析 是非题。根据第三段，将有越来越多的竞争来自低工资国家，迫使富裕国家失去就业机会、降低工资、减少税收、福利及对环境的控制，以增加竞争力。因此，A、C项内容都有可能发生。文章结尾提到了经济动乱发生的可能性，因此D也非本题答案。
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