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  3. Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, o

Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, o

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问题     Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, our appearances impact how other people perceive us, which again affects how we feel and see ourselves. Psychologists believe there’s a relationship between internals and externals that shapes us.
    The researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem decided to test whether stereotypes (刻板印象) and labels have an effect on physical appearance. That is to say, they wanted to find out whether the name a person is given at birth influences later physical features.
    The study hypothesized that this early label marks all those who bear the same name similarly, so much that other people can match the name to the face based on expectation of how someone with a certain name is likely to look. In other words, name stereotypes show physically in facial appearances. The research team found that both people and computers could pick the right name for a given face with more accuracy than would result from chance. That means common ideas of how a person with a certain name would look were correct—there was a "right" name for a type of face.
    Face-name matching likely works on many levels, the study suggests. Because we have shared ideas of what names mean, people with those names may "grow into" them by adopting expected behavior, facial expressions, and looks, and others will also have certain expectations. Say your name is Rose. Social expectations may direct you to act womanly, smile gently, wear dresses, and grow your hair. This is perhaps unconsciously expected more of a woman named for a flower than one who goes by Alex, a name that in the US is common for males and females. Alex may feel freer to bend gender stereotypes than Rose.
The underlined word "hypothesized" in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".
选项 A、supposed
B、displayed
C、doubted
D、opposed
答案A
解析 根据第二段最后一句“That is to say, they wanted to find out whether the name a person is given at birth influences later physical features. ”可知，研究者们想弄清楚一个人出生时被给予的名字是否会影响后来的容貌，即他们并未得出确切的结论。由此可推知，hypothesized意为“假设，假定”，画线词所在句表达的是“该研究假定这种早期的标签表明了所有那些有着相同名字的人具有相似性，如此相似以至于其他人能基于对一个具有特定名字的人可能的长相的预期，来将名字和面孔匹配起来”。suppose：假定，假设，设想；display：陈列，展出；doubt：怀疑；oppose：反对。四个选项中，A项与hypothesized的意思最为接近。故选A。
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