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  3. (1)The use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas during childbirth fell out of favor in the United States decades ago, and just two

(1)The use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas during childbirth fell out of favor in the United States decades ago, and just two

admin2016-12-06  38
问题     (1)The use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas during childbirth fell out of favor in the United States decades ago, and just two hospitals—one in San Francisco and one in Seattle—still offer it. But interest in returning the dentist office staple to the delivery room is growing: respected hospitals including Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center plan to start offering it, the federal government is reviewing it, and after a long break, the equipment needed to administer it is expected to hit the market soon.
    (2)Lori Rowell, due to give birth to her second child in June, is interested in the option.
    (3)"I would definitely think about it, and read about and talk to my doctor about it," said Rowell, 36, of Concord. "It is nice to know that it doesn’t affect the baby."
    (4)Though laughing gas is commonly used for labor pain relief in Canada, Great Britain and other countries, it’s been all but abandoned in the United States in favor of other options, said Judith Bishop, a certified nurse midwife at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center and leader in the effort to reintroduce laughing gas for labor.
    (5)"In this country, most people when they hear about laughing gas, they think it sounds pretty retro(重新流行的), that it sounds very old-fashioned and they’re sure there’s something bad or dangerous about it and we must’ve chosen to eliminate it. But I think we eliminated it because we went for the more specialized, higher-tech options," said Bishop, who will be among the speakers Monday at a conference for New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine hospital officials.
    (6)She and other advocates of reintroducing laughing gas emphasize that it is no silver bullet—it "takes the edge off" pain rather than eliminates it. But they say it should be among the options offered to women, particularly those who give birth at small or rural hospitals that lack round-the-clock anesthesiologists(麻醉师). Laughing gas is easy for women to self-administer, takes effect quickly, and can be used late in labor.
    (7)"It’s not right for everybody, but it’s something that for many women will offer a certain amount of relief," Bishop said.
    (8)Michelle Collins, a certified nurse midwife and assistant nursing professor in Tennessee, previously worked as a nurse in London and saw how widely and well nitrous oxide was used there. She has been working with an anesthesiologist to bring nitrous oxide for laboring women at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and said she expects it to become available later this year.
    (9)Early Wednesday morning, she delivered a baby to a woman she said would have been a perfect candidate for nitrous oxide: the mother arrived at the hospital at midnight and gave birth about three hours later.
    (10)"There was a period of time just before birth when she was starting to lose it. Nitrous would’ve been awesome for her: just a few puffs to get her over that hump," she said.
    (11)Vanderbilt has purchased second-hand equipment to deliver nitrous oxide, but Dartmouth-Hitchcock and others are hoping to buy new equipment that is expected to become available in April. After obstetric demand for nitrous oxide dropped, the one company that made the equipment stopped. But a new company has stepped into that gap and has begun taking orders.
    (12)At Dartmouth-Hitchcock, where officials plan to order two machines, nurse midwife Suzanne Serat estimated that 10-20 percent of her patients might try nitrous oxide.
    (13)"We have a number of people who don’t want to feel the pain of labor, and nitrous oxide would not be a good option for them. They really need an epidural, and that’s perfect for them," she said. "Then we have a number of people who are going to wait and see what happens, and when they’re in labor, decide they’d like something and then the only option for them is an epidural but they don’t need something that strong. So they would choose to use something in the middle, but we just don’t have anything in the middle."
    (14)The hospital hopes to begin offering nitrous oxide for labor by summer. In the meantime, the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is reviewing the effectiveness and safety of nitrous oxide compared to other pain relief methods.
According to Judith Bishop, laughing gas was abandoned in the United States mainly because other options are ______.
选项 A、less dangerous
B、more effective
C、less disputable
D、more advanced
答案D
解析 第5段第2句提到当年淘汰笑气的原因是其他技术more specialized，higher-tech options，故可知与其他麻醉剂或止痛药相比，笑气不够“专业”，不够“高科技”，故应选D。由该句中的But可知，Bishop并不认同前面所说的“笑气存在危险”这个理由，因此排除A；本题最具干扰性的是B。第5段并没有在“有效性”方面对比笑气和后来研发的麻醉剂或止痛药，虽然原文提到笑气不够先进，但不能因此推断它药效不够好，事实上，第6段最后一句提到的takes effect quickly表明笑气能很快产生药效，这也是effective的表现之一，可见B不正确。
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