首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2014-04-23
38
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or ever to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、get the milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
本题仍是一道具体细节题。问帕剖赛克的实验中婴儿学做摇头的动作是为了干什么。利用查阅式阅读法,根据第三段后半部分内容,如果他们左右摆头能点亮显示灯,他们不仅能学会左右摆头,而且还能学会相当复杂的摆头方式,如向一边连续摆两次或三次,只要这种摆头动作能点亮显示灯。因此,本题的正确答案应是A“婴儿学会做摇头的动作是为了开灯”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/e9WO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
ClassifiedAdvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisp
Standardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguagei
Thesearchforthelostshipmustbe______becauseofpoorweather.
Inproportionasthe_________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoa
Wealth,advancededucationanda______occupationcangiveapersonhighstatusinsociety.
Carbon______referstothetotalsetofgreenhousegasesemissionscausedbyanorganization.
Forthepurposeofmakingweathermaps,informationwillbesentto______.
Forthepurposeofmakingweathermaps,informationwillbesentto______.
随机试题
A.角切迹B.贲门C.幽门前静脉D.中间沟E.胃小凹胃底与胃体的分界标志为
传统的“四合一”处理工艺包括除油、除锈、()、钝化,一次完成,取消了水洗,大大简化了操作工序。
MaryAnning(1799-1874)wasaBritishfossilhunterwhobeganfinding【C1】______asachild,andsoonsupportedherselfandherve
A.肠痉挛症B.肠旋转C.阑尾炎D.梅克尔憩室E.肠套叠反复发作性腹痛,以脐周痛为主,多在十几分钟内自然缓解,最大可能为
类风湿性关节炎的病理表现叙述不正确的是
关于建设工程监理,下列表述正确的是()。
假设某公司在未来无限时期支付的每股股利为5元,必要收益率为10%,当前股票市价为45元,该公司股票()。
下列关于龙门石窟的说法中,正确的是()。
中国古典戏剧作品塑造了王昭君、李香君、杜丽娘和崔莺莺等经典女性形象,下列作品与上述人物对应关系正确的是()。
设需在两台计算机间经两个中间节点传送100M字节的文件,假定:(1)计算机与中间节点间的通信线路以及中间节点间通信线路的通信速率皆为8Kbps;(2)数据传输的差错可以忽略不计;(3)中间节点存储转发时间可忽略不计;
最新回复
(
0
)