首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has
The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has
admin
2015-05-24
46
问题
The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has so completely taken possession of the human mind that it is not only a special talent but a dominant, organic need. All our sense impressions leave their traces in our memory not only as signs disposing our practical reaction in the future but also as symbols, images representing our idea of things: and the tendency to manipulate ideas, to combine and abstract, mix and extend them by playing with symbols, is man’s outstanding characteristic. It seems to be what his brain most naturally and spontaneously does. Therefore his primitive mental function is not judging reality, but dreaming his desires.
Dreaming is apparently a basic function of human brains, for it is free and unexhausting like our metabolism, heartbeat, and breath. It is easier to dream than not to dream, as it is easier to breathe than to refrain from breathing. The symbolic character of dreams is fairly well established. Symbol mongering, on this ineffectual, uncritical level, seems to be instinctive, the fulfillment of an elementary need rather than the purposeful exercise of a high and difficult talent.
The special power of man’s mind rests on the evolution of this special activity, not on any transcendently high development of animal intelligence. We are not immeasurably higher than other animals: we are different. We have a biological need and with it a biological gift that they do not share.
Because man has not only the ability but the constant need of conceiving what has happened to him, what surrounds him, what is demanded of him—in short, of symbolizing nature, himself, and his hopes and fears—he has a constant and crying need of expression. What he cannot express, he cannot conceive: what he cannot conceive is chaos, and fills him with terror.
If we bear in mind this all-important craving for expression we get a new picture of man’s behavior: for from this trait spring his powers and his weaknesses. The process of symbolic transformation that all our experiences undergo is nothing more or less than the process of conception, underlying the human faculties of abstraction and imagination.
When we are faced with a strange or difficult situation, we cannot react directly, as other creatures do, with flight, aggression, or any such simple instinctive pattern. Our whole reaction depends on how we manage to conceive the situation—whether we cast it in a definite dramatic form, whether we see it as a disaster, a fulfillment of doom, or a fiat of the Devine Will. In words or dreamlike images, in artistic or religious or even in cynical form, we must construe the events of life. There is great virtue in the figure of speech, " I can make nothing of it," to express a failure to understand something. Thought and memory are processes of making the thought content and memory image: the pattern of our ideas is given by the symbols through which we express them. And in the course of manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the original experience, as we abstract certain features of it, embroider and reinforce those features with other ideas, until the conception we project on the screen of memory is quite different from anything in with our real history.
Conception is a necessary and elementary process: what we do with our conceptions is another story. That is the entire history of human culture—of intelligence and morality, folly and superstition, ritual, language, and the arts—all the phenomena that set man apart from, and above, the rest of animal kingdom. As the religious mind has to make all human history a drama of sins and salvation in order to define its own moral attitudes, so a scientist wrestles with the mere presentation of "the facts" before he can reason about them. The process of envisaging facts, values, hopes, and fears underlies our whole behavior pattern: and this process is reflected in the evolution of an extraordinary phenomenon found always, and only, in human societies—the phenomenon of language.
Why is the conception projected in our memory different from anything in our real life?
选项
A、Because the situations we are faced with in our real life are strange and difficult.
B、Because the conceptions are expressed in different forms for the same thing.
C、Because the human brains will fail to understand something in difficult situations.
D、Because the original experience is distorted in the process of symbolic transformation.
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。由题干关键词conception projected,real life定位至倒数第二段末句。由And in the courseof manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the original experience…可知,在处理这些符号的过程中,我们不可避免地会扭曲原始的经历,故选[D]。由倒数第二段首句可知,当面对陌生或困难的境况时,我们不能直接做出反应,这与我们脑中的概念与原始经历不符的原因没有关系,故排除[A];[B]的内容在文中未提及,故排除;由倒数第二段第三句可知,我们会用各种不同的形式来理解生活中的事件,故排除[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/eDOO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
______hasbecometheworld’slargestexporteroffish.
SuccessPersonalityAccordingtoaGallupsurvey,anumberofqualitiesarecommonamongsuccessfulpeople.Herearefiveof
Bysomeestimates,thereareasmanyas12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUnitedStates,toilinginfarmfields,restaurantk
Howmanysyllablesdoestheword"syllable"have?
TheAmericanWay:FreedomTheheartoftheAmericancalendarisJuly4Americanshavecelebrat-ed-thisdateas"Independence
TheBritishEmpirewasoncehometothirdofthe【M1】________.world’spopulation.But,withtheretur
ComputerCrimeⅠ.IntroductionCurrentsituation:theincreaseinnumberandtypeofcomputercrimeⅡ.Featuresofc
Mergersandtakeoversmeantheactivitiesthattwoormorebusinessesjointogetherandoperateasoneorganization.Mergersus
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamilie
时代变了,像她这样一个经历了两种社会,大起大落,酸甜苦辣,极度变化的演员,一旦当她走出本来生活的小圈子,走出舞台,走进社会生活的深水里、激流中,以她异常敏感的眼睛、富有情感的心灵去观察生活、体验生活时,她发现那些纷至沓来的新鲜事物,根本来不及用电影去表现。
随机试题
下列关于股深动脉的描述,正确的是
醋酸甲地孕酮不能用于以下哪种疾病?
多用于治疗水肿的药物是
提脓祛腐法的适应证是
经营费用的具体项目包括人工费、公共设施设备日常运行、维修及保养费、能源费、康乐设施费、清洁卫生费、保安费用等。()
()是指在执行资产评估业务过程中,为受理、计划、控制和管理资产评估业务所形成的工作记录及相关资料。
13.( )是指对企业财务活动赖以进行的内部环境所实施的总体控制。
下列各句中,没有语病,句意明确的一项是:
Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?
WhenmentioningKorea,peoplemightcomeupwithastringofthings,suchaskimchi(泡菜),cosmeticsandbeautifulgirls.Infac
最新回复
(
0
)