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  3. The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argu

The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argu

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问题    The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To food a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities(便利设施) such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
   One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources. It will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than un which is stable or in decline.
A small population may mean ______.
选项 A、higher productivity but a lower average income
B、lower productivity but a higher average income
C、lower productivity and a lower average income
D、higher productivity and a higher average income
答案D
解析 由第一段中的“Thus，each person produces less．．．a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population”可以推出，人口少就意味着更高的生产力和更高的人均收入。
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