首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
admin
2015-05-24
32
问题
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this century humankind is likely to experience its most extreme cultural loss. As K David Harrison notes in When Languages Die, "The last speakers of probably half of the world’s languages are alive today." Their children or grandchildren are pressured to speak only the dominant language of their community or country. Under one estimate, more than 50% of the 6,900 or so languages identified nowadays are expected to become extinct in a matter of a few decades.
The precise criteria for what counts as a distinct language are controversial—especially those regarding closely related linguistic systems, which are often inaccurately referred to as dialects of the same language. The problem is complicated by the insufficiency of studies about the grammar of many of the world’s endangered languages. In addition, from a cognitive standpoint any two groups of individuals whose languages are mutually intelligible may in fact have distinct mental grammars.
As a cognitive system, a language shows dynamic properties that cannot exist independently of its speakers. This is the sense in which the Anatolian languages and Dalmatian are extinct Therefore, language preservation depends on the maintenance of the native-speaking human groups. Unfortunately, the most accelerated loss of distinct languages takes place where economic development is rapid, worsening the breakdown of minority communities that speak different languages. In this perspective, a language often begins to die long before the passing of the last speaker New generations may start using it only for limited purposes, increasingly shifting to the community’s dominant language. In this process, knowledge of the dying language erodes both at the individual level and at the community level.
Linguistic diversity itself may be the worst loss at stake, because it may be the most promising and precise source of evidence for the range of variation allowed in the organization of the human cognitive system. For instance, Harrison discusses many strategies for manipulating quantities across languages, often endangered ones. The rapid loss of linguistic diversity substantially hinders comparative investigation about the multiple ways in which a single cognitive domain can be organized.
Linguists are well aware that their efforts alone cannot prevent this loss. Community involvement, especially with government support, has proven essential in slowing or even reversing language loss in different cases (e.g., Basque and Irish). Crucially, endangered languages must be acquired by new generations of speakers. Here the biological metaphor adopted by Harrison applies appropriately-documentation of dead languages is akin to a fossil record, providing only partial clues about complex cognitive systems.
Measures that can be taken to prevent language loss include
选项
A、turning endangered languages into dominant languages.
B、protecting minority groups by slowing economic growth.
C、relying on the joint efforts of linguists and government.
D、conducting comparative investigation across languages.
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。根据题干中的prevent language loss定位到第五段。本段主要讨论阻止语言流失的措施,本段第一句提到语言学家认识到仅靠自己的力量是不够的,社会的参与,尤其是政府的支持才是关键。故C项为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/eN74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inmyexperience,themorepeoplehave,thelesslikelytheyaretobecontented.Indeed,thereisabundantevidencethatdepres
TheRepublicanpresidentialcandidateRickSantorumrecentlysetoffadebatewhenheattackedAmerica’scollegesas"indoctrinat
EveryonecomplainsthatcorporateAmericais【C1】______tohireadditionalworkers.Far【C2】______attentionhasbeenpaidtothefl
TheOnlineAutocarLeasingBusinessWheneBay,nowtheworld’sbiggestauctionwebsite,wentonlinein1995.manyexpectedi
AmericanPrivateClinicsTransformTowardtheMedicalInstitutionsAquietrevolutionistransforminghowmedicalcareisde
NewToolstoResearchEarthquakeOnDecember16th,1811,theresidentsofNewMadrid,Missouri,werestartledoutoftheirb
WildelephantsroamacrossthecrowdedplainsofIndia;forestedriverbankswindthroughcattleranchesinBrazil;aribbonof
WildelephantsroamacrossthecrowdedplainsofIndia;forestedriverbankswindthroughcattleranchesinBrazil;aribbonof
Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroug
Achemicalplantshouldberesponsibleforthewaterpollutioninanearbyriver.WritealettertotheCityEnvironmentProtect
随机试题
患者,女性,63岁。乙肝35年,目前身体出现蜘蛛痣表现,关于蜘蛛痣的描述,不正确的是
______是指具有创新理念、自主创业的人或群体,常以分享创意和交流思想为乐。它的英文是“Maker”,特指酷爱科技、热衷实践的个人。
我们将自己生活方式与习惯与父母辈相比较的时候,我们会明显感觉到“时代变了”这一现象体现了()
不属虚劳预防调护应做到的是
患者,男性,32岁,右侧上颌第一恒磨牙咬合疼痛1周。近2日疼痛明显加重,感患牙伸长,并出现自发痛,无放射痛。口检:远中邻面树脂充填物完好,叩痛,牙齿Ⅰ度松动,龈(-),根尖区轻度压痛。亘最可能的诊断为
用地评定的内容中,坡度一般是按适用程度分为()等三类。
下列关于城市消防远程监控系统中用户服务系统软件的使用与检查要求的叙述中,错误的是()。
西欧有一句名谚:“中国人的头,阿拉伯人的口,法兰西人的手。”结合对古代科技史的理解,下列说法不正确的是()。
用于在网络应用层和传输层之间提供加密方案的VPN协议是(51)。
PnP主板的特点是支持()。
最新回复
(
0
)