2. 外语
  3. When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate (有 生命的) sausage container. Into this

When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate (有 生命的) sausage container. Into this

admin2012-07-11  69
问题     When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate (有 生命的) sausage container. Into this empty container, the teachers are supposed to stuff "education."
    But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the drawing out of what is in the mind.
    "The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him."
    And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selves and find the spark of truth that God has put into every heart and that only you can develop to flame."
    In the dialogue called the "Meno," Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of schooling, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry — because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.
    So many of the discussions and controversies about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they are concerned with what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be "taken out", and how this can best be done.
    The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don’t have a chance to learn anything," was expressing his dissatisfaction with sausage-container view of education.
    He was being so stuffed with varied facts, with such an indigestible mass of material, that he had no time (and was given no encouragement) to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind for analyzing and synthesizing and evaluating this material.
    Education, to have any meaning beyond the purpose of creating well-informed dunces, must elicit from the pupil what is potential in every human being — the rules of reason, the inner knowledge of what is proper for men to be and do, the ability to assess evidence and come to conclusions that can generally be agreed on by all open minds and worm hearts.
    Pupils are more like oysters (牡蛎) than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with enthusiasm and insistence.
As Edith Hamilton reminded us about Socrates, students______.
选项 A、should learn knowledge from their teachers with modesty
B、should investigate what the God has put in their hearts
C、were encouraged to discover the truth themselves
D、were required to find the spark to fame
答案C
解析 第四段提到，就像Edith Hamilton提醒我们的那样，苏格拉底从来不说‘我知道，跟我学’。相反，他会说“从你自己那里寻找，找到只有你能够使其燃烧的真理火花”。由此可知，苏格拉底鼓励学生自己寻找真理，故答案为[C]。由Socrates never said，“I know，learn from me．”可知，他不赞成从老师那里获取知识，故排除[A]。[B]是对find the spark of truth that God has put into every heart的错误理解；[D]是对spark和flame的字面理解，故排除。
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