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  3. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies

A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies

admin2009-04-23  30
问题     A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation(换气过度) are the most frequent complaints. But 13% of them—roughly four a day—are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurological(神经的) problems (18%), and difficult breathing (6%).
    Let’s face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand—as much as 30%. Again, most people won’t notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you’ve recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if a medical device has been implanted in your body—a splint, a tracheotomy(气管切开术) tube or a catheter(导管)——it could expand and cause injury.
    Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(深静脉栓)——the so-called economy-class syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible.
    Whatever you do, don’t panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers’ aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them "good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators(电击去颤器) to treat heart attacks.
    Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 ft. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you’ll probably do just fine. Having a doctor close by doesn’t hurt, either.
选项 A、13%
B、46%
C、18%
D、6%
答案D
解析 根据首段末句心脏病占飞行中医疗重症的46%；而根据倒数第2句，重症在美国所有飞行中的医疗急症中占13%。结合这两句可知，心脏病应占所有急症中13%的46%，即约6%，因此选项D为本题答案。本题是一道简单的计算题。但设置的选项都来自原文，考生容易错选成46%，而正确选项6%恰巧与首段末提到呼吸困难在重症中所占的比例相同，这有可能让考生造成错觉而难以选择。
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