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  3. Chances are that, were you to be asked to imagine a victim of fraud, you’d think of a little old lady being cheated out of thous

Chances are that, were you to be asked to imagine a victim of fraud, you’d think of a little old lady being cheated out of thous

admin2020-08-26  86
问题     Chances are that, were you to be asked to imagine a victim of fraud, you’d think of a little old lady being cheated out of thousands of pounds — in person, on the phone or, increasingly, online. In fact, according to a recent report by the Better Business Bureau in the United States, this is far from the case.
    "We’ve bought into stereotypes about scam victims — they are usually seen as vulnerable and elderly, or gullible and poorly educated," says the paper’s co-author, Emma Fletcher, product manager at the BBB Institute. "These stereotypes are strongly held — and they are wrong. We are all at risk, but younger and more educated individuals are actually the most likely to be scammed."
    Similarly, a 2016 report by Norton, the antivirus company, found that 44 per cent of millennials had been the victim of an online crime in the past year, compared with just 16 per cent of baby boomers. Research by Barclays this year backs this up. The Barclays Digital Safety Index highlights that almost two thirds of 18-24 year-olds had fallen prey to hackers or viruses. Yet when asked about actions taken to prevent future attacks, millennials were less likely than their older counterparts to take positive actions, such as installing an anti-virus software following a computer breach.
    Why is this? After all, millennials are meant to have data running through their veins. There are several reasons. One is what is known as optimism bias — the idea that other people might be more vulnerable than you and that you know better. Younger people are usually more knowledgeable about IT than those in the older generations. But, perversely, this makes them less likely to heed advice about staying safe, whereas, perhaps surprisingly, older people are more inclined to listen.
    But this is not the only reason. Younger people spend far more time online. They shop more there (meaning their card details are entered more often and stored in numerous databases) and they share much more personal information online. According to Ofcom’s 2016 Media Use and Attitudes report, more than 90 per cent of those aged 16-34 have social-media accounts. For those aged between 55 and 64, this figure drops to 51 per cent. For those 65 and over, it’s 30 per cent.
    Interestingly though, according to the Office of National Statistics, older people are more likely to be victims of repeat fraud. This may be because they tend to be more trusting. Research at the University of California suggests that this isn’t just because they grew up in more innocent times. Rather, age-related changes in the brain mean that as people get older, they tend to trust more and question less.
According to Paragraph 4, younger people’s optimism bias refers to their idea that_________.
选项 A、they are more knowledgeable than the older generation
B、they are guarded by more Internet protection
C、they are stronger than others
D、they are less likely to fall victims to frauds
答案D
解析 本题是细节题，要求考生理解第四段中乐观主义偏见的具体内容，即认为其他人可能比你更脆弱，你对此心中有数。关键点：that you know better。
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