首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definition of "culture" are multiple, broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon definition of culture, the cla
Definition of "culture" are multiple, broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon definition of culture, the cla
admin
2014-01-13
38
问题
Definition of "culture" are multiple, broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon definition of culture, the classic definition by E. B. Tylor in 1871 is widely cited: "Culture... is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. " Most definitions of culture emphasize that it is complex and dynamic, comprised of the shared solutions to problems faced by the group. These solutions include technologies, beliefs, and behaviors.
Culture does not determine behavior, but affords group members a repertoire of ideas and possible actions, providing the framework through which they understand themselves, their environment, and their experiences. Culture is a complex set of relationships, responses, and interpretations that must be understood, not as a body of discrete traits, but as an integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a specific socioeconomic context. Culture is ever changing and always being revised within the dynamic context of its enactment.
Culture is neither a blueprint nor an identity; individuals choose between various cultural options, and in our multicultural society, many times choose widely between the options offered by a variety of cultural traditions. It is not possible to predict the beliefs and behaviors of individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or national origin. Individuals’ group membership cannot be assumed to indicate their culture because those who share a group label may variously enact culture.
In its zeal to encourage respect for cultural difference, the cultural competency movement has sometimes lost sight of these important features of the concept of culture. Instead it has too often represented culture as a decontextualized set of traits providing a template for the perceptions and behaviors of group members. A burgeoning literature on cultural diversity presents the reader with veritable laundry lists of traditional beliefs and practices ostensibly characteristic of particular ethnic groups. This approach encourages the questionable notion that immigrants and certain ethnic and racial minorities are particularly driven by traditionalism. The emphasis in this genre is on difference, pitting the exotic and esoteric against mainstream or conventional beliefs that remain unnamed and unexplored.
The misconception, common in clinical settings, that culture can be understood as a set of discrete traits, has led some mistakenly to treat culture as an explanatory variable, subject to prediction and control. In such applications, specific ethnic cultures are represented as a codified body of characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or manipulated to facilitate clinical goals.
Paradoxically, in such approaches, what originated in a desire to promote respect for individual differences may instead promote stereotyping and essential zing. This process of reifying presumed difference may have the unintended consequence of bolstering a sense of group boundaries. It may also reinforce the belief that culture can be diagnosed and treated, that exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and behaviors of members of already disempowered subgroups should be controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant group.
Which of the following is the author’s viewpoint?
选项
A、Culture can be understood not as a set of discrete traits but as an integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a specific socioeconomic context.
B、Culture can be treated as an explanatory variable, subject to prediction and control.
C、Culture can be represented as a codified body of characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or manipulated.
D、Culture can be diagnosed and treated and the exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and behaviors should be controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant group.
答案
A
解析
细节判断题。根据原文第二段第二句be understood,not as,discrete traits,as an integratedsystem of orientations and practices generated within a specific socioeconomic context与选项A重现,原句中的a body of与选项A中的a set of对应。故答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/eQQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohave
Whenweconsidergreatpaintersofthepast,thestudyofartandthestudyofillusioncannotalwaysbeseparated.Byillusion
BuildingonthebaseofevidenceandinterpretationinHansen’s(1994)qualitativestudyofworkingpeople’sdiaries,,seas
Thegrowthofcell-phoneusersintheU.S.hastaperedofffromthebreakneckpaceof50%annuallyinthelate1990stowhatana
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Historyhasprovedthatman’sunderstandingofnaturalresourcesandhistapingandutilizingofthem,aswellashiscapability
(81)Realestate,inbroaddefinition,islandandeverythingmadepermanentlyapartthereof,andthenatureandextentofone’s
Inoursocietytherazorofnecessitycutsclose.Youmustmakeabucktosurvivetheday.Youmustworktomakeabuck.Thejob
FinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,andsubtlymyvacationbegan
随机试题
螺旋面和螺旋槽的导程不准确的原因有()和交换齿轮配置差错。
在研究地层的接触关系时,必须注意将剥蚀面与断层面区分开来。()
大气中的氧是引起药物制剂氧化的主要因素,下列防止药物氧化措施表述不正确的是
患者,男,36岁,2个月前因外伤致上前牙脱落。口腔检查:缺失,间隙正常,牙槽嵴无明显吸收。牙冠1/2缺损,已露髓,探稍敏感,叩诊阴性,无松动。牙冠良好,叩诊阴性,无松动。上下前牙牙龈轻度红肿,易出血,可见菌斑及牙石。余牙未见异常。下列对桩核中桩的描述正
药物经过1个半衰期,体内累积蓄积量为药物经过7个半衰期,体内累积蓄积量为
李某系B市出租汽车公司司机,住该市河东区。某日晚上,美国人汤姆在河西区乘坐李某驾驶的出租车至该区吉祥大酒店,下车时将背包遗忘在车上,内有2万美元。汤姆下车后即意识到背包遗忘在车上,于是找到李某,向其索要。李某谎称并未见到背包,拒不交出。该案一审管辖法院应当
根据《水利工程质量事故处理暂行规定》,小于一般质量事故的质量问题称为()。
根据营业税改征增值税的相关规定,卫星电视信号落地转接服务,属于增值电信服务。()
品德心理结构中最具有动力色彩的成分是()。
李觐于3月1日向信用社提出贷款10万元,兴办一个养鸡场,并打算以一套价值10万元的组合音响作抵押。3月5日信用社打电话告知同意,次日双方在贷款合同及抵押合同上签字。但未办理抵押登记,在合同中也未对利率加以约定。3月7日,李觐领取了首批5万元贷款。3月9日,
最新回复
(
0
)