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  3. All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

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问题     All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with’ professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10. the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible(不可逆转的).
    A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. Asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, one Finnish district official replied, "I can tell you their names if you want. " In the United States, KIPP(Knowledge Is Power Program)charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost everyone of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college.
    These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
    Second, pour lots of effort into training teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly； and they award bonuses(奖金)only to the top performers.
    Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
选项 A、Family Backgrounds and Kids’ Achievements
B、The Best School System
C、How to Bridge the Achievement Gap
D、Lessons From Successful Stories
答案C
解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章首先说明成功依赖于家庭环境，然后通过芬兰和美国学校的做法证实可以消除由家庭背景造成的差距，最后作者提出了消除这种差距的三种方法。因此如何缩小这种差距是文章的主要内容，故C)为正确答案。
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