首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right co
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right co
admin
2019-06-06
36
问题
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Japan, it was said that sacrificing a woman at a rushing river would placate the spirit who lived there, allowing for the construction of bridges and the safe passage of boats. In Greek myth, the warrior king Agamemnon decides to kill his own daughter in exchange for a favorable wind on the way to Troy. The great civilizations of Mesoamerica killed people, smashed food and sank treasure to pay their debts to their gods.
That finding might seem intuitive—societies in which some members are habitually killed probably value certain lives over others—but it has broader implications, Max Tegmark, Professor in MIT said in the journal Nature.
It suggests a "darker link between religion and the evolution of modern hierarchical societies," he writes, in which "ritual killings helped humans transition from the small egalitarian groups of our ancestors and the large, stratified societies we live in today."
The motivation and method of the killings differed across cultures, Sean Robinson in University of California explains in a piece for the Conversation: Sacrifices could be demanded for the death of a chief, the construction of a home, the start of a war, the outbreak of disease or the violation of a social taboo. The victims might be strangled, drowned, bludgeoned, burned, buried, crushed with a newly-built canoe or rolled off a roof and then decapitated.
But the link between the sacrifices and social hierarchies seemed to transcend those differences. The victims were almost always of low social status, and the more stratified the culture was, the more prevalent ritual killings were likely to be.
Speaking to Smithsonian Magazine, lead researcher Joseph Watts noted that ritual killings often occurred in elaborate ceremonies that exploited gore as effectively as an HBO show: "It’s not just a matter of killing efficiently. There’s more to it than that," he said. "The terror and spectacle [of the act] was maximized."
The fear that sacrifices inspired allowed the practice to function "as a stepping-stone to help build and maintain power in early hierarchical societies," Watts, a psychologist at the University of Auckland, wrote on his website. Once their authority was absolute, elites could use more traditional methods— policing, taxation, war—to keep the class system in place.
"I think it’s absolutely an important project," University of British Columbia psychologist Joseph Henrich told the New Scientist. "Sacrifice does seem to have been performed in societies all around the world."
But he urged some skepticism about the study’s broad conclusions. Though human sacrifice may have been correlated with stratification in the Austronesian societies, Henrich was dubious of the phylogenetic analysis the researchers used to prove that the relationship was causal. That tool assumes that social strata and religious rituals are passed down and evolve through generations in the same manner as languages.
"The study of religion has been plagued in many ways by an abundance of ideas and a shortage of strong quantitative tests of these ideas," Richard Sosis, a human behavior ecologist at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, told Science.
"These methods have power, and they are certainly an advance in the way we can evaluate ideas. Are they the last piece to the puzzle? No." But, he added, "at least the conversation can begin here and begin in a systematic way that hasn’t happened before."
选项
答案
F
解析
根据定位词定位到第四段。在第四段中,Sean Robinson描述了各种祭祀的方法,The victims might be strangled,…rolled off a roof and then decapitated.(用于祭祀的人可能被勒死……从屋顶上被推下后斩首。)与F项中的various ways of sacrifices“各种祭祀的方式”相对应。同时,他列举了祭祀的原因,Sacrifices could be demanded for the death of a chief,the construction of a home…(祭祀的原因可能是权贵死亡、修建房屋……)F项中同样有explains the reasons“解释原因”,故F项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/eVnZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TheeconomistGeorgeAkerloffoundhimselffacedwithasimpletask:mailingaboxofclothesfromIndia,wherehewasliving,t
TheeconomistGeorgeAkerloffoundhimselffacedwithasimpletask:mailingaboxofclothesfromIndia,wherehewasliving,t
Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywo
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,
WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturningh
In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehireda
In1930,whentheworldwas"sufferingfromabadattackofeconomicpessimism",JohnMaynardKeyneswroteabroadlyoptimistic
AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.Ittooksome75,000lives,【B1】______130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfoo
Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"【B1】______helpingyoufeelcloseand【B2】______tope
ArecentBBCdocumentary,"TheTownThatNeverRetired",soughttoshowtheeffectsof【C1】______thestatepensionagebyputting
随机试题
Fromnowon,neverspendyourprecioustimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailuresandshortcomings.Instead,realizethatthese
关于尿胆原干化学法测定,可能导致假阴性的原因
出现基底细胞液化变性的疾病是
安全管理必须坚持“五同时”的原则包括计划、布置、检查、总结和()。
股权投资基金投资顾问从事投资顾问活动,不得有的行为包括()。Ⅰ.泄露委托人的投资决策计划信息Ⅱ.为特定客户的利益损害委托人的合法权益Ⅲ.利用投资顾问服务与他人合谋进行内幕交易Ⅳ.以投资顾问机构从业人员个人名义收取投资顾问费用
下列关于“在细节测试中使用非统计抽样方法”的说法中,不正确的是()。
根据所给材料。回答问题。转基因食品就是指利用现代分子生物技术,把动植物的基因加以改变,再制造出具备新特征的食品种类。其优点显著,但转基因食品存在很多不容忽视的存在的或潜在的危害性。新基因的转入,打破了原来生物基因的“管理体制”,使一些产
(Ⅰ)证明以柯西一施瓦茨(Cauchy—Schwarz)命名的下述不等式:设f(x)与g(x)在闭区间[a,b]上连续,则有(Ⅱ)证明下述不等式:设f(x)在闭区间[0,1]上连续,则有
A、Totrysomethingdifferent.B、Totravelandmeetpeople.C、Tolearndifferentculture.D、Tosavemoney.B女士问男士搭便车是为了省钱还是出于别的原因
Isthecustomeralwaysright?Theanswer,itseems,dependsonwhichcountryyouarein.Shoppingisverymuchapartofacount
最新回复
(
0
)