首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphi
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphi
admin
2014-09-29
32
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins
Mass strandings: situations where groups of whales, dolphins, etc. swim onto the beach and die
Common in areas where the【L31】______can change quickly
Several other theories:
Parasites
e.g. some parasites can affect marine animals’【L32】______, which they depend on for navigation
Toxins
Poisons from【L33】______or______are commonly consumed by whales
e.g. Cape Cod (1988) - whales were killed by saxitoxin
Accidental Strandings
Animals may follow prey ashore, e.g. Thurston (1995)
Unlikely because the majority of animals were not【L34】______when they stranded
Human Activity
【L35】______from military tests are linked to some recent strandings
The Bahamas (2000) stranding was unusual because the whales
were all【L36】______
were not in a【L37】______
Group Behaviour
More strandings in the most【L38】______species of whales
1994 dolphin stranding - only the【L39】______was ill
Further Reading
Marine Mammals Ashore (Connor) - gives information about stranding【L40】______
【L32】
Good afternoon everyone. Well, with some of you about to go out on field work it’s timely that in this afternoon’s session I’ll be sharing some ideas about the reasons why groups of whales and dolphins sometimes swim ashore from the sea right onto the beach and, most often, die in what are known as ’mass standings’.
Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you’ll be travelling to, where sometimes the tide goes out suddenly, confusing the animals. However, there are many other theories about the causes of mass strandings.
The first is that the behaviour is linked to parasites. It’s often found that stranded animals were infested with large numbers of parasites. For instance, a type of worm is commonly found in the ears of dead whales. Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate, this type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful.
Another theory is related to toxins, or poisons. These have also been found to contribute to the death of many marine animals. Many toxins, as I’m sure you’re aware, originate from plants, or animals. The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behaviour but whether these poisons directly or indirectly lead to stranding and death, seems to depend upon the toxin involved.
In 1988, for example, fourteen humpback whales examined after stranding along the beaches of Cape Cod were found to have been poisoned after eating tuna that contained saxitoxin, the same toxin that can be fatal in humans.
Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals strand accidentally by following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase. In 1995 David Thurston monitored pilot whales that beached after following squid ashore. However, this idea does not seem to hold true for the majority of mass strandings because examination of the animals’ stomach contents reveal that most had not been feeding as they stranded.
There are also some new theories which link strandings to humans. A growing concern is that loud noises in the ocean cause strandings. Noises such as those caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late.
One of these, a mass stranding of whales in 2000 in the Bahamas coincided closely with experiments using a new submarine detection system. There were several factors that made this stranding stand out as different from previous strandings. This led researchers to look for a new cause. For one, all the stranded animals were healthy. In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometres of coast, whereas it’s more common for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur.
A final theory is related to group behaviour, and suggests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders, even to an inevitable death. This is a particularly interesting theory since the whales that are thought to be most social - the toothed whales - are the group that strand the most frequently.
The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy at the time of their death.
Without one consistent theory however it is very hard for us to do anything about this phenomenon except to assist animals where and when we can. Stranding networks have been established around the world to aid in rescuing animals and collecting samples from those that could not be helped. I recommend John Connor’s Marine Mammals Ashore as an excellent starting point if you’re interested in finding out more about these networks, or establishing one yourself.
选项
答案
hearing/ear/ears
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ecAO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Inspiteofthefactthatitisconvenienttodividethelifespanofanimalsintoseparatestagessuchasprenatal,adolescent,
Eventhoughthesurveywasdesignatedasaninter-disciplinarycourse,itinvolvednoreal______ofsubjectmatter.
Thedocumentaryfilmabouthighschoollifewassorealisticand______thatfeelingsofnostalgiafloodedoverthecollege-age
CarlaL.Peterson’sDoersoftheWord(1997),astudyofAfricanAmericanwomenspeakersandwritersfrom1830-1880,isanimpor
InStantontheaveragenumberofpeopleinjuredperautomobileaccidentisconsistentlyhigherforaccidentsinvolvingataxicab
In1755BritishwriterSamuelJohnsonpublishedanacerbiclettertoLordChesterfieldrebukinghispatronforneglectanddecli
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—Whattownorcitydoyoucomefrom?—Canyoudescrib
Doyouthinksportsaregettingtoocommercializedthesedays?
Thechartshowsthenumberofdaystheaverageemployeehasoffworkperyearinfourdifferentcountries.Summarisetheinfor
Questions28-29Completethenotes,whichshowhowtheapproachestodefining’talent’havechanged.ChooseONEorTWOWORDSfro
随机试题
在护理严重腹部损伤时,关于病人体位活动哪项不对
患儿,2个月。自出生后至今排稀便日可达四五次,呈黄色,时有绿色,吃奶正常体重照常增长,体形虚胖。出生后一直有湿疹。实验室检查:便常规无异常。应首先考虑的是
患者,男性,25岁。曾有多位性伴侣。婚前医学检查时发现患有梅毒。该青年对这一诊断结论有异议时,可以
通常为渗出性积液的疾病是()。
项目建议书的主要作用有( )。
显著性水平与检验拒绝域的关系有()。
2×17年,甲公司发生与职工薪酬有关的交易或事项如下:(1)以甲公司生产的产品作为福利发放给职工,该产品的生产成本为1500万元,市场价格为1800万元;(2)为职工缴纳200万元的“五险一金”;(3)根据职工入职期限,分别可以享受5至15天的年休假,
右边四个图形中,只有一个是由左边的四个图形拼合(只能通过上、下、左、右平移)而成的,请把它找出来。
Whenitcomestoleisureactivities.Americansaren’tquitethefunseekersthey’vebeensupposedtobe.Foroneoutoffive,w
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot(31)theywere.Thesamecommentismade(32)generationtogeneratio
最新回复
(
0
)