首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, Br
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, Br
admin
2017-12-11
38
问题
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.【C1】______.
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.【C2】______.
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.【C3】______.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture .
【C4】______.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.【C5】______.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’ s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’ s entrance into adulthood.
[E]Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
[F]Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
【C1】
选项
答案
C
解析
C项的意思是,人类的进化有一个特征——“survival of the fittest”,并且解释了种族和社 会的适者生存观念。因为第一段讲的是Herbert Spencer的“生物和文化进化理论”。并且出现了 Charles Darwin提出的“生物界的适者生存”,而这里说人类社会的进化也有适者生存这一特征, 所以,正确答案是C项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/enBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Consumerproductssuchasshampoosandsunscreens,evenonesboostedassafer,maycontainpotentiallyharmfulchemicalsnotlis
Consumerproductssuchasshampoosandsunscreens,evenonesboostedassafer,maycontainpotentiallyharmfulchemicalsnotlis
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesame【C1】______ismadefromgenerationtogenerationand
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesame【C1】______ismadefromgenerationtogenerationand
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesame【C1】______ismadefromgenerationtogenerationand
Thehighestanxietymomentintheholidayseasonmustbethemomentjustbeforeyourlovedonesunwraptheirgifts.Theribbonc
Aprettypotplantmightmakeanunemotionalworkspacefeelmorepersonal.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatofficeplantsdo
TheNegativeInfluenceoftheInternetBarStudythepicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describ
TheInvestigationoftheScaleofChineseNetizenA.Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200words
Ofallthesenselesswaystoendupintheemergencyroom,gettinginjuredbecauseyou’rewalkingwhileusingyourcellphoneha
随机试题
A.梨形心B.靴形心C.烧瓶形心D.普大形心E.缩窄形心二尖瓣狭窄【】
下列不符合电离辐射致癌的描述是
施工合同文本规定,承包人承担违约责任的方式有( )。
下列墙体中,适用于中低档民用和工业建筑中的非承重内隔墙的是()。
市政公用工程专业二级注册建造师可以承接单项工程合同额500万元以下的工程项目是()。
ABC股份有限公司会计王某不仅熟悉会计电算化业务,而且对利用现代信息技术手段加强经营管理颇有研究。“非典”期间;王某向公司总经理建议,开辟网上业务洽谈,并实行优惠的折扣政策。公司采纳了王某的建议,当期销售额克服“非典”影响,保持了快速增长。王某的行为体现出
我国规定计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的( )。
(河南选调201—1—50)学校举行足球赛,甲班共打了30场比赛,最后以124分的积分获得冠军,若每赢一场积6分,平一场积2分,输一场扣2分,问该球队胜、平和负的场次可能有多少种不同的组合?()
一战后建立的国际联盟实际起到的作用是()。
一份最近的研究报告表明,尽管只有3%在京石高速公路上驾驶的司机为其汽车装备了雷达探测器,但是在因超速而被罚的所有汽车中,却有33%以上的汽车装备了雷达探测器。显然,车上装备雷达探测器的司机比没有装备雷达探测器的司机更有可能经常超速。以下哪项最可能是上述论证
最新回复
(
0
)