首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the t
Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the t
admin
2021-03-11
34
问题
Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.
In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide.In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.
But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment.In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.
That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect.The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.
Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.
Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands.The duo separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss.With that, "we see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation, " Ferraro says.
That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says.Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.
Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess.Ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment."Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty", Ferraro says, "the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs."
What is the text centered on?
选项
A、The effects of a program.
B、The debates over a program.
C、The process of a study.
D、The transferability of a study.
答案
A
解析
本文讨论的核心问题是CCT项目对环境起到的积极作用,而没有提到争论观点,故选A。研究只是为了证明CCT项目与森林砍伐率之间的关系,不是本文的核心内容,故排除C、D项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/er1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
CoincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,Br
Thepriceofoilhashadanunnervingabilitytoblowuptheworldeconomy,andtheMiddleEasthasoftenprovidedthespark.Th
Thepriceofoilhashadanunnervingabilitytoblowuptheworldeconomy,andtheMiddleEasthasoftenprovidedthespark.Th
智力测验的初衷及价值——1992年英译汉及详解Intelligenceatbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.【F1】There
Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir
Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasivemoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoanewera,
【F1】Itistheworld’sfourth-most-importantfoodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice,whichprovidesmorecalories,morequickly,
【F1】Itistheworld’sfourth-most-importantfoodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice,whichprovidesmorecalories,morequickly,
"Flexibility"hasbecomeakeymetaphorpotentlyvivifyingavarietyofcontemporarylifediscourses.【F1】Ascapitalbecomesmore
Whatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Mostpsychologistsagreethatabstractreasoning,problemsolving,andtheabilitytoacqui
随机试题
“执法必严”是健全社会主义法制的()
市场定位的对象是()
眼的屈光系统不包括()
患者女性,25岁,分娩时大量出血,失血约1000ml,测血压90/60kPa,病情危重,需紧急输血
具有温经养血,散寒通脉功用的方剂是具有益气活血,散瘀通络功用的方剂是
《建设工程施工合同》中已有适用于变更工程的价格,则()确定方法。
“课程”一词,最早出现在英国教育家()的《什么知识最有价值》书中。
如何认识并真正发挥语文教学评价的发展性功能?
中国的科技进步举世瞩目。2010三中国科技人力资源总量居世界第一位,国际科技论文数量居世界第二位,发明专利授权量居世界第三位……但调查显示,我国人才资本对经济增长的贡献率远远低于西方国家,而关键技术的对外依存度明显高于西方国家。这段文字主要想传递
设f(x)在[0,1]上连续,在(0,1)内可导,f(0)=0,=1,f(1)=0.证明:存在η∈,使得f(η)=η.
最新回复
(
0
)