首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copi
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copi
admin
2011-02-16
49
问题
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copies? Whoever chose the title is certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health.
66.______
The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood—in particular, the belief that blood carried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, bloodletting was widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one person’s blood to heal another is only about 75 years old— although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donor’s vein(in early cases the physician’s)to a patient’s vein.
67.______
Sabotaged by notions about the "purity "of their groups’ blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Allies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers.
68.______
During the early to mid-1980s, Starr says, 10, 000 American hemophiliacs and 12, 000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products. Blood banks both here and abroad moved slowly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainted. This is not new material. But Starr’s insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shilts’s And the Bond Played On.
69.______
Is the blood supply safe now? Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanced. Yet it’s disturbing to read Starr’s contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90, 000 chance of contracting HTV—far higher than the "one in a million "figure that blood bankers once blithely and falsely quoted. Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Starr to argue that today’s blood stores are"simultaneously safer and more threatening "than when distribution was less sophisticated.
70.______
A. The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modern blood-banking, which has saved countless lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modern tragedy—the spread of AIDS through the international blood supply.
B. There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lesson is this: The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of competitive markets and human fallibility.
C. In his chronicle of a resource, Starr covers an enormous amount of ground. He gives us an account of mankind’s attitudes over a 400-year period towards this "precious, mysterious, and hazardous material" ; of medicine’s efforts to understand, control, and develop blood’s life-saving properties; and of the multibillion-dollar industry that benefits from it. He describes disparate institutions that use blood, from the military and the pharmaceutical industry to blood banks. The culmination is a rich examination of how something as horrifying as distributing blood tainted with the HTV virus could have occurred.
D. The book’s most interesting section considers the huge strides transfusion science took during World War II. Medicine benefited significantly from the initiative to collect and supply blood to the Allied troops and from new trauma procedures developed to administer it. It was then that scientists learned to separate blood into useful elements, such as freeze-dried plasma and clotting factors, paving the way for both battlefield miracles and dramatic improvement in the lives of hemophiliacs.
E. Starr’s tale ends with a warning about the safety of today’s blood supply.
F. Starr obtained memos and other evidence used in Japanese, French, and Canadian criminal trials over the tainted-blood distribution.(American blood banks enjoyed legal protections that made U. S. trials more complex and provided less closure for those harmed.)His account of the French situation is particularly poignant. Starr explains that in postwar France, donating blood was viewed as a sacred and patriotic act. Prison populations were urged to give blood as a way to connect more with society. Unfortunately, the French came to believe that such benevolence somehow offered a magical protection to the blood itself and that it would be unseemly to question volunteer donors about their medical history or sexual or drug practices. Combined with other factors, including greed and hubris, this led to tragedy. Some blood banks were collecting blood from high-risk groups as late as 1990, well into the crisis. And France, along with Canada, Japan, and even Britain, stalled approval and distribution of safer, American heat-treated plasma products when they became available, in part because they were giving their domestic companies time to catch up with scientific advances.
选项
答案
D
解析
由上下两段综合分析,只有D放在此处符合逻辑。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ezXd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.
TheValueofMotherhoodInshoppingmalls,theassistantstrytopushyouintobuying"agifttothankherforherunselfish
InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationi
InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationi
AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentoftheState.
PrettyGoodWhenSpanishfootballclubBarcelonapaidUS$35millionforRonaldinholastsummer,theyweren’tbuyingaprett
PrettyGoodWhenSpanishfootballclubBarcelonapaidUS$35millionforRonaldinholastsummer,theyweren’tbuyingaprett
CombatingFinancialCybercrimeThereisagrowingfinancialandeconomicthreat,athreattoallcountries,posedbyinterna
CombatingFinancialCybercrimeThereisagrowingfinancialandeconomicthreat,athreattoallcountries,posedbyinterna
Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,from(31)praisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.B
随机试题
土地总登记的特点包括()。
当过程的结果不能通过其后产品的检验和试验完全验证时,为了保证产品的质量,就需要预先鉴定过程的能力,这些过程通常称为( )过程。
3.5英寸软盘的硬塑料套内有一个写保护开关,当拨动开关关闭孔时,软盘处于写保护状态,可使软盘中存储的信息免受错误操作或计算机病毒的破坏。()
股票指数期货采用现金结算的方式。()
商业银行可以预先在金融资产定价中充分考虑各种风险因素,通过价格调整来获得合理的风险回报。()
税收法律关系的主体是指()。
建设是社会治安综合治理的首要环节,是落实综合治理其他措施的前提条件。()
根据我国现行立法制度,享有立法议案提案权的有()。
运用中国法制史相关知识,分析下述材料。“天下重罪逮京师者,收系(锦衣卫)狱中使断治。”“令宦官访辑谋逆大奸,与锦衣卫均权势。”“(西厂)以太监汪直领之……所领绮骑倍东厂,势远出卫上。”“是数者,杀人至惨,而不丽于法。踵接行之,
在标准模块中,将a定义为全局整型变量的语句是
最新回复
(
0
)