首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out often adults in th
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out often adults in th
admin
2012-03-21
70
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out often adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well being.
The last paragraph is mainly about_____.
选项
A、the religious movements that promoted the literacy of the public
B、the new progress towards literacy initiated by democratic society
C、modern political movement towards a more democratic society
D、political movements at the end of the Middle Ages fighting illiteracy
答案
B
解析
主旨题。B意为:“由民主运动促成的新的文化进步”。最后一段指出,所产生的广泛的宗教启蒙运动(religious enlightenment)之后是几个世纪的政治启蒙。那些支持天赋人权(natural rights of man)纲领的政治理论家号召向文盲宣战,政治革命特别是美国和法国的革命促进了一个新叫代的诞生:为了其自身利益,各社会阶层的人被号召关心国家政策,在这种背景下,出现了文化普及运动。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/f6mK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Educationistooimportanttotake【C1】______,whenpeopletakeanythingforseriously,theyput【C2】______blinderswhichcaus
Accordingtothereport,howmanyoverseasarenowstudyinginBritain?
Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered______ofeachotherinthought,butthetruthisthattheyareinseparable.
Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostof【C1】______arenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindow【C2】______theworld:thei
Countriesholddifferentviewsabout______’schairingofASEAN.
Somestudentstakepartinschoolactivitiesactively,whileothersshowlittleinterestinthem.What’syouropiniononthisph
Whatcausesthedeathofmillionsofpeopleinbothpoorandrichcountries?
MAKETHISYOURLASTMOVE!Themarketplaceischanging,growing,andmovingourway!Thisisanexciting,professionalopportu
Nothing,______amiracle,cansavehim.
随机试题
单级谐波传动减速器的产品型号为XBD100-125-150-Ⅱ,其畔125代表【】
用药指导的一般药物知识包括
氯贝丁酯的鉴别反应对氨基水杨酸钠的鉴别反应
房地产开发投资项目用于出租或自营时,其计算期以土地剩余年限和建筑物经济使川寿命中较短的年限为最大值。()
下列关于指数基金特点的描述正确的有( )。
某市一房地产开发企业,2014年有关经济业务如下:(1)在郊区开发一项目,新开发楼盘土地成本4000万元,开发成本30000万元,销售费用3000万元,管理费用1000万元,银行贷款利息费用1200万元,能提供金融机构贷款证明,并能按新项目进行分
A上市公司是甲集团公司的子公司,主要从事电子制造业务。2×10年A公司发生以下的合并交易:(1)A公司将除货币资金450万元、持有的市价1500万元L公司限售股权和应付账款2000万元以外的所有资产和负债出售给甲集团。出售净资产按资产评估价作价2
员工信息沟通的标准载体包括()。
在汉语中,“鼎”被作为权力和地位的象征,其形成至少应追溯到()。
TheadministrationallowsThailand______Indonesiatradebenefits.
最新回复
(
0
)