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  3. In the recent past, medical researchers have shown that heart disease is associated with certain factors in our day-to-day lives

In the recent past, medical researchers have shown that heart disease is associated with certain factors in our day-to-day lives

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问题     In the recent past, medical researchers have shown that heart disease is associated with certain factors in our day-to-day lives: with stress, with smoking, with poor nutrition (营养), and with a (51) of exercise. Doctors and other health experts have been (52) the fact that we can often reduce the (53) of heart disease by paying more attention to these factors.
    More and more people are realizing that there is a (54) between heart disease and the way they live. As a result of this new (55) , attitudes toward health are changing:In the past, people tend to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be (56) on to know exactly what to do when they became ill. (57) they are realizing that merely receiving the best treatment (58) illness or injury "is not enough. They are learning that they must (59) more responsibility for their own health. Today many people are changing their dietary (60) and eating food with less fat and cholesterol(胆固醇). Many are paying more attention to reducing (61) in their lives. The number of smokers in the United States is now far below the level of twenty years ago because many people succeed in breaking the habit and as fewer people (62) it up. More and more are aware of the (63) of regular exercise like walking, running, or swimming, some have begun to walk or ride bicycles to work instead of made. Millions have become members of health clubs and have made health clubs one of the fastest growing businesses in the United States today. And now the (64) effects of these changing attitudes and behaviors are beginning to appear: a(n) (65) decrease in deaths from heart disease.  
选项 A、shortage
B、failure
C、plenty
D、lack
答案D
解析 lack of与shortage of都可表示“缺乏、不足”。lack指东西不足或完全没有，可说a complete/distinct/total lack of sth.，例如：Lack of vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms. shortage指东西缺乏，例如：a shortage of water/gasoline/energy etc．
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