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  3. A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money

A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money

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问题     A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
    If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-- people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes-- he would probably answer: those With declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 - 1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we’ll have to pay more for meat and milky we’ll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: "I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high."
    The investigations mentioned above were carried on in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
According to second paragraph, researchers have proved that ______.
选项 A、traditional assumption is that rich people expect the rise of the price
B、people with stable income will borrow most
C、price increase may stimulate consumption
D、rise in price may arouse resistance in the consumers
答案D
解析 文章第一段的第三句说的是“This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.”说传统上有关消费和挣钱的说法是错误的，传统的说法在第二段的第一句话“If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-people with rising incomes，stable incomes，or declining income he would probably answer：those with declining incomes．”传统的说法认为收人降低的人会借钱最多，这样就说明B是错误的，还有种传统的说法就是在第二段第四句说的是“if people who have money expect prices to go up，they will postpone buying．But research surveys have shown that this is not always true．”说的是人一有钱之后，就等着价格上涨，延迟购买，这也是错的，由此断定A是错的，此外第二段倒数第五句“The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying.”和倒数第二句“Furthermore，the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked．”证明价格的上涨不但不会刺激消费，反而引起消费者的抵触，他们会拒绝购买，这样只有D符合题义。
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