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  3. Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.【F1】But the environment must also

Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.【F1】But the environment must also

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问题 Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.【F1】But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.【F2】The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer!
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.【F3】The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s.【F4】The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.【F5】Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
【F1】
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答案但环境也一定对其有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要的话。那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。
解析 本文主要围绕A、B型性格的孩子展开讨论。第一、二、三段：介绍A型性格的人在竞争的环境中成长，形成了他们的性格特征。第四段：指出社会需要各种性格的人。第五段：如果学校不过多地注重于学习结果，就可以花更多的时间教些更有价值的东西。选择护理方面的人，尤其是医疗护理人员——也许应该看他们是否心细、是否有同情心，而不应看他们化学成绩如何。只从A型性格的人中选择医生的做法是不可取的，B型性格的人也是社会所需要的，应该受到相应的鼓励。在此段，作者对目前培养及选择人才的标准进行了批评。
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