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  3. One of the great achievements of modern times is that we have made society more fair. Sixty years ago, the upper classes were do

One of the great achievements of modern times is that we have made society more fair. Sixty years ago, the upper classes were do

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问题     One of the great achievements of modern times is that we have made society more fair. Sixty years ago, the upper classes were dominated by what E. Digby Baltzell called The Protestant Establishment and C. Wright Mills called The Power Elite. If your father went to Harvard, you had a 90 percent chance of getting in yourself, and the path upward from there was grooved in your favor. Since then, we have opened up opportunities for women, African-Americans, Hispanics and members of many other groups. Moreover, we’ve changed the criteria for success. It is less necessary to be sociable. It is more important to be smart and hard-working.
    Yet here’s the funny thing. As we’ve made our institutions more meritocratic, their public standing has declined drastically. We’ve increased the diversity and talent level of people at the top of society, yet trust in elites has never been lower. Why has this happened?
    First, the meritocracy is based on an overly narrow definition of talent. Our system rewards those who can amass technical knowledge. But this skill is only marginally related to the skill of being sensitive to context. It is not related at all to skills like empathy. Over the past years, we’ve seen very smart people make mistakes because they didn’t understand the context in which they were operating.
    Second, this new system has created new social gaps. In the old days, there were obviously big differences between people whose lives were defined by The Philadelphia Story and those who were defined by The Grapes of Wrath. But if you ran the largest bank in Murfreesboro, Tenn. , you probably lived in Murfreesboro. Now you live in Charlotte or New York City. You might have married a secretar-y. Now you marry another banker. You would have had similar lifestyle habits as other people in town. Now the lifestyle patterns of the college-educated are very different from the patterns in other classes. Social attitudes are very different, too. It could be that Americans actually feel less connected to their leadership class now than they did then, with good reason.
    Third, time horizons have shrunk. If you were an old blue blood, you traced your lineage back centuries, and there was a decent chance that you’d hand your company down to members of your clan. That subtly encouraged long-term thinking. Now people respond to ever-faster performance criteria -daily stock prices or tracking polls. This perversely encourages reckless behavior. There’s less emphasis on steady, gradual change and more emphasis on the big swing. This produces more spectacular failures and more uncertainty. Many Americans, not caught up on the romance of this sort of heroism, are terrified.
    This is not to say that we should return to the days of the WASP(White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)ascendancy. That’s neither possible nor desirable. Rather, our system of promotion has grown some pretty serious problems, which are more evident with each passing day.
The author’s attitude to the new meritocracy can be described as______.
选项 A、optimistic
B、sarcastic
C、worried
D、pessimistic
答案C
解析 文章第一、二段指出现象：社会的公平化使得精英阶层的来源越来越广，而其形象却大不如前。第三至五段分析了该现象产生的原因，分别从政治、文化、经济三方面指出了精英管理制度的缺陷。最后末段总结指出：这说明我们的人才晋升制度出现了非常严重的问题(pretty serious prab—lems)，字里行间透露出作者的担忧。[C]为正确选项，同时排除[A]选项。
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