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  3. Gestures Help People to Think Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accom

Gestures Help People to Think Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accom

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问题                     Gestures Help People to Think
    Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accompany speech are a surprisingly neglected area. It is sometimes jokingly said that the way to render an Italian speechless is to tie his wrists together, but almost everyone moves their hands in meaningful ways when they talk. Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago, however, studies gestures carefully—and not out of idle curiosity. Introspection suggests that gesturing not only helps people communicate but also helps them to think. She set out to test this, and specifically to find out whether gestures might be used as an aid to children’s learning. It turns out, as she told the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), that they can.
    The experiment she conducted involved balancing equations. Presented with an equation of the form 2 + 3 + 4 = x + 4, written on a blackboard, a child is asked to calculate the value of x. In the equations Dr. Goldin-Meadow always made the last number on the left the same as the last on the right; so x was the sum of the first two numbers. Commonly, however, children who are learning arithmetic will add all three of the numbers on the left to arrive at the value of x. In her previous work.
    Dr. Goldin-Meadow had noted that children often use spontaneous gestures when explaining how they solve mathematical puzzles. So to see if these hand-movements actually help a child to think, or are merely descriptive, she divided a group of children into two and asked them to balance equations.
    One group was asked to gesture while doing so. A second was asked not to. Both groups were then given a lesson in how to solve problems of this sort. As Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected, the first group learnt more from the lesson than the second. By observing their gestures she refined the experiment. Often, a child would touch or point to the first two numbers on the left with the first two fingers of one hand. Dr. Goldin-Meadow therefore taught this gesture explicitly to another group of children. Or, rather, she taught a third of them, taught another third to point to the second and third numbers this way, and told the remainder to use no gestures. When all were given the same lesson it was found those gesturing "correctly" learnt the most. But those gesturing "incorrectly" still outperformed the non-gesturers.
    Gesturing, therefore, clearly does help thought. Indeed, it is so thought provoking that even the wrong gestures have some value. Perhaps this helps to explain why the arithmetic-intensive profession of banking was invented in Italy.
Dr. Goldin-Meadow conducted the experiment so as to______.
选项 A、help children to learn how to communicate with others effectively
B、prove that gestures might be used as an aid to children’s learning
C、figure out that hand-movements of children are descriptive as well
D、prove that children doing wrong gestures learn less than non-gestures
答案B
解析 推理判断题。本题可以通过第一段“高定梅多对这一论断进行了检验，并特意考察了手势是否有助于儿童的学习”，以及第四段learnt more可以推断出高定梅多博士的实验目的为确定手势对儿童学习的影响，故B项正确。A项“有效的沟通”、C项“也是一种对思考内容的表达”并非实验目的；D项“使用错误的手势的儿童比那些不使用手势的儿童学习效果差”既非实验目的，意思也跟原文相反。
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