首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More
admin
2011-08-28
38
问题
The school year is winding down, but one faction within the world of education is ratcheting up: the anti-testing movement. More parents are pulling their kids out of end-of-year math and literacy assessments. More teachers and administrators are speaking up against testing—like the group of school district superintendents in Georgia who are calling on the state legislature to reconsider its test-based accountability system. And a national resolution condemning testing has now attracted the endorsements of more than 300 organizations and 8,500 individuals. Standardized testing is "an inadequate and often unreliable measure of both student learning and educator effectiveness," the resolution reads in part, and "the over-reliance on high-stakes standardized testing in state and federal accountability programs is undermining educational quality and equity in U.S. public schools."
Many of these complaints have merit: tests can warp the learning process and cause students enormous anxiety. But such concerns are mainly about "high-stakes" testing, in which a student’s achievement is judged, and a school’s status and funding are determined, by just a few big-deal tests. What we need, instead, is a regime of no-stakes testing. Entirely apart from their assessment function, tests are an enormously effective way to improve understanding and recall. By using the test as a learning tool instead of an evaluation instrument, we could help students avoid the perils of testing while garnering all its benefits.
What are those benefits? Decades of research on the "testing effect" have documented that calling up a fact or a concept from memory actually helps us remember it better the next time. Foreign language learners who tested themselves on vocabulary words remembered 80 percent of the words they studied, according to one experiment, while learners who used other study methods remembered only about a third of them. Likewise, students learning from a science textbook who were queried about what they read retained about 50 percent more of the information than students who studied in other ways.
No-stakes testing—in which scores aren’t counted or even calculated—is now being successfully implemented in real-life school settings. Through a collaboration with researcher Henry Roediger and his colleagues at Washington University in St. Louis, teachers at nearby Columbia Middle School have incorporated what psychologists call "retrieval practice" into seventh- and eighth-grade science and social studies courses. At the end of each class, students are given a quiz on what they just learned. The quiz is not graded; it’s intended solely to promote retention. This simple exercise has dramatically improved students’ recall of the material.
Although we often conceive of memory as something like a storage tank, and a test as a kind of dipstick that measures how much information is inside, that’s not actually how the brain works. Every time we pull up a memory, we make it stronger and more lasting—so that testing doesn’t just measure what students know, it changes what they know. Reading over material to be learned, taking notes, even engaging in teacher-favored techniques like concept-mapping: none of these practices are as effective as testing at improving retention.
Opponents of high-stakes testing want to replace the current regime with—in the words of the national resolution—"a system based on multiple forms of assessment which does not require extensive standardized testing, more accurately reflects the broad range of student learning, and is used to support students and improve schools." In this vision, students would be judged, say, on a portfolio of the work they produced over the course of the semester. That seems a little pie-in-the-sky, but more power to them. More importantly, we should also be implementing exams that serve a different purpose: tests that have no stakes at all, other than helping students learn.
From The Times, June 6, 2012
What does the national resolution say about standardized testing?
选项
A、It says that standardized testing is an adequate measure of student learning.
B、It says that standardized testing is an unreliable measure of either student learning or education effectiveness.
C、It says that the over-reliance on high-stakes standardized testing in state and federal accountability programs does harm to educational quality and equity in U.S. public schools.
D、It says that the over-reliance on high-stakes standardized testing has no influence on education.
答案
C
解析
本题为细节题。根据第一段的倒数第一句Standardized testing is an inadequate and often unreliable measure of both student learning and educator effectiveness.所以A项意思与原文恰好相反;B项中“either…or”错误,应为“both…and”;C项正确,原文“the over-reliance on high—stakes standardized testing in state and federal accountability programs is undermining educational quality and equity in U.S.public schools.”正是此意;而D项的意思明显和原文不一致。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/flYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Canadianchildrenareencouragedtolearnboth______and______atschool.
A、worldtravelB、educationC、knowledgeoftheworldD、serviceA
EconomicconditionshaveimprovedduringthepastdecadeinmanyNorthAmericanandEuropeanCBDs,primarilybecauseofanunp
AdamSmith,theScottishprofessorofmoralphilosophy,wasthrilledbyhisrecognitionoforderintheeconomicsystem.Hisboo
DiscussionoftheassimilationofPuertoRicansintheUnitedStateshasfocusedontwofactors:socialstandingandthelossof
InthedaysbeforeDianabecameaccustomedtodailyhairdressers,highfashionandexpertlyappliedmakeup,shelookedherbest
A、TheBritish.B、Germans.C、Americans.D、Notmentioned.C
APolishproverbclaimsthatfish,totasteright,shouldthreetimes—inwater,inbutterandinwine.Theearlyeffortsofthe
SomehearteningstatisticswerereportedlastyearbytheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute:themortalityrateforbreas
SomehearteningstatisticswerereportedlastyearbytheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute:themortalityrateforbreas
随机试题
冠状沟
根据公司法律制度的规定,股份有限公司非破产清算程序的清算义务人是()。
有4个工人,要指派他们分别完成4项工作,每个人做各项工作所消耗的时间如表所示:问指派哪个人去完成该项工作,可使总的消耗时间为最小?
Itiscommontothinkthatotheranimalsareruledbyinstinctwhereashumanslosttheirinstinctsandruledbyreason,andthat
X线正位胸片提示左心房增大的征象有
链霉素抑制结核菌的机制是
月晕效应和投射作用的结果是一样的,即它们都()。
某小学六年级一班的女同学晓晓最近收到了一封匿名“情书”,这封情书中表达了对晓晓的喜爱之情。晓晓不知如何是好,于是就将这封情书交给了班主任王老师。班主任王老师在收到情书后很气愤,决定杀一儆百。于是王老师紧急召开了班会,并在班会上公开调查情书的书写人。在发现情
曹雪芹在全书第一回就表明了自己的创作主张,他不蹈历来野史的旧辙,更反对才子佳人小说的“干部一腔,千人一面”和“假控出二人姓名,又必旁添一小人,拨乱其间”;而是根据自己“半世亲见亲闻来创作”,“其间离合悲欢,兴衰际遇,俱是按迹循踪,不敢稍加穿凿,至失其真”。
Inthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,oneofthemostclearlyvisibledifficulties【C1】______teachersinNewYo
最新回复
(
0
)