2. 考研
  3. 城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题 ——1987年英译汉及详解 Have there always been cities?【F1】Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, b

城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题 ——1987年英译汉及详解 Have there always been cities?【F1】Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, b

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问题 城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题
——1987年英译汉及详解
Have there always been cities?【F1】Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence.【F2】Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment.【F3】It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity.【F4】In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the "right side of town" and the slums.
Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them.【F5】But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will.【F6】And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry?
It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do.【F7】To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?
Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved.【F8】From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept—the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.
【F3】
选项
答案如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学、医院、大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会有。
解析 本句考查的重点是：it作形式主语。 该句的主干为It is virtually impossible to imagine that…，其中it为形式主语，不定式结构toimagine that…是真正的主语，that引导的从句作imagine的宾语。virtually译为“事实上，实际上”，可以独立出来，放在译文的句首，come into being译为“出现，存在，形成”，without cities to support作状语，翻译成汉语时，放在主干的前面。
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