首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
admin
2016-10-15
46
问题
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate funding for relevant research. This type of thinking—sometimes described as the "science push" model of development—tends to focus on the proportion of a country’s gross national product spent on research and development.
But spending on research is part of
a broader picture
. An arguably larger role is played by government policies affecting the practical application of scientific knowledge. This usually involves embedding such knowledge in technological products and processes, what is widely described as "technology transfer".
Technology transfer has in the past often been
demonised
in many development policy circles as a process by which multinational corporations become rich at the expense of poor countries—selling them products they cannot afford and keeping them politically subservient by refusing to license technical know-how.
But as developing countries have become increasingly integrated into a single global economy, such thinking has changed.
For regions like East Asia or Latin America, effective technology transfer, tapping into the scientific and technical knowledge of not only researchers in the North, but increasingly their own, is now recognised as essential to economic growth and social prosperity.
One important theme to emerge is that technology transfer has become a complex business, with many different actors. But, just as important, is the fact that society’ s poorest sectors are often forgotten in technology transfer debates. Debates raised by the poverty gap between rich and poor countries are being replaced by concerns about the gap within developing countries themselves.
This should come as little surprise. In practice, the private sector tends to provide the most widely used channels for technology transfer. This is largely because the most effective mechanism for promoting rapid technology innovation is the market, with incentives for entrepreneurs and rewards, through patents, for inventors.
But governments still share substantial responsibility for making technology transfer work effectively and in the national interest. They must, for example, invest in the capital and intellectual infrastructure needed for smooth technology transfer. This includes investing in university-based research and training, to ensure that a country has the knowledge and skills it needs to not only acquire but also use new technologies.
Governments also need to regulate all transferred technologies—these should not just be useful, but socially acceptable as well. Governments must develop public institutions that can make such a judgement, either by adopting international criteria(on safety levels, for example)or by developing criteria of their own.
The phrase "a broader picture"(Line 1, Paragraph 2)refers to______.
选项
A、GNP spent on research and development
B、the "science push" model of development
C、the vital role played by government policies
D、the practical application of scientific knowledge
答案
D
解析
根据第二段前两句“But spending on research is part of a broader picture.An arguably largerrole is played by government policies affecting the practical application of scientific knowledge”,D应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fmoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Fordecades,ferryboatscrossedthecoldwatersofMichigan’sStraitsofMackinac,shuttlingpeopleandvehiclesbetweenthetw
Apartfromanewfootballstadiumandsomesmartuniversitybuildings,mostofMiddlesbroughlooksasthoughitcametoadeadh
Humanity’sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthisweek,isthereductioninthenumberofde
Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.Rudyard
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
Inresponsetoscandalsrockingthestudentloanindustry,theHousehasquicklypassedreformlegislationtorequiremorediscl
Scienceanditspracticalapplicationsintheformoftechnology,orthe"science"oftheindustrialarts,asWebsterdefinesth
Scienceanditspracticalapplicationsintheformoftechnology,orthe"science"oftheindustrialarts,asWebsterdefinesth
InGeorgeOrwell’sAnimalFarmthemightycart-horse,Boxer,inspirestheotheranimalswithhisheroiccryof"Iwillworkhard
随机试题
下列选项中不符合蛋白质生理功能的是
A.普鲁卡因B.利多卡因C.丁卡因D.布比卡因E.罗哌卡因浸润麻醉不能选用
患儿4岁,患肾病综合征3个月。症见:肢体反复浮肿,按之凹陷难起,面色萎黄,神疲乏力,胸闷腹胀,纳少便溏,舌淡苔白滑,脉沉缓。实验室检查:尿蛋白明显增高,血浆蛋白降低,血清胆固醇5.7mmol/L。其证型是
有一住宅楼,建筑面积20000M2,面积热指标取qf=60W/M2,供回水温度取设计值,使计算:(1)住宅楼所需热负荷为多少MW?(2)循环水量G(t/h)
下列文学常识中叙述错误的是()。
Recently,IflewtoLasVegastoattendameeting.Aswewereabouttoarrive,thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewould
MetropolitanMuseumofArtislocatedinNewYorkCity.Itisoneofthelargestandmost【1】artmuseumsintheworld.In186
在Word中,当把鼠标放在图文框边缘时,鼠标会变成()形状。A.不变B.十字架C.十字架,四端有箭头D.十字架,四端有箭头,并出现一白色箭头
Oneofthemostcommonhumanfearsisscarcity.Manypeopleareafraidofnothavingenoughofwhattheyneedorwant,andsoth
Indiansaregenerallyreligiousandfamilyoriented,andtheirlivesaredeeply【C1】______intradition.Theinterestsofthefami
最新回复
(
0
)