首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PAPER RECYCLING A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the mi
PAPER RECYCLING A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the mi
admin
2013-11-25
49
问题
PAPER RECYCLING
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good performance since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater u-tilisation of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered , also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collecttion cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that goes into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates e-missions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the com-muntity.
Questions 30 - 36
Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage. Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 30 — 36 on your answer sheet.
SUMMARY
Example
From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and
oil
in that firstly it comes from a resource which is【R30】______ .and secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is【R31】______ .Although Australia’s record in there-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and【R32】______ .to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by【R33】______ .to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but【R34】______ .are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower【R35】______ than before and to sort our waste paper by removing【R36】______ .before discarding it for collection.
【R36】
选项
答案
contaminants
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fnNO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantities.Youmayuseadditional
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantities.Youmayuseadditional
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities,QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantities.Youmayuseadditional
Somequestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,QuantityAandQuantityB.Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowingan
CInthisquestionyouarenottoldwhetherallofthe9,000peopleattendingthegamewerestudents.Letzbethenumberofpeop
ForeachofQuestions1to9,compareQuantityAandQuantityB,usingadditionalinformationcenteredabovethetwoquantities
ForeachofQuestions1to9,compareQuantityAandQuantityB,usingadditionalinformationcenteredabovethetwoquantities
Twodifferentpositiveintegersxandyareselectedfromtheoddintegersthatarelessthan10.Ifz=x+yandzislesstha
Toproduceaparticularradiomodel,itcostsamanufacturer$30perradio,anditisassumedthatif500radiosareproduced,a
ThepolarlightsknownasaurorasareproducedwhenchargedsubatomicLineparticles,suchasprotonsandelectronsflowingfro
随机试题
试述公务员申诉事由。
腰骶部脊髓脊膜膨出常伴有( )
口僻的临床表现不包括
甲到本村乙家买柴油时,因屋内光线昏暗,甲欲点燃打火机看油量。乙担心引起火灾,上前阻止。但甲坚持说柴油见火不会燃烧,仍然点燃了打火机,结果引起油桶燃烧,造成火灾,导致甲、乙及一旁观看的丙被火烧伤,乙、丙经抢救无效死亡。后经检测,乙储存的柴油闪点不符合标准。甲
公路客运“三化”指的是()。
股票的市盈率越高,意味着()。
“举一反三”“闻一知十”是负迁移。
甲向乙借款5万元,并以一台机器作抵押,办理了抵押登记。随后,甲又将该机器质押给丙。丙在占有该机器期间,将其交给丁修理,因拖欠修理费而被丁留置。下列哪些说法是正确的?()
英国人类学家特纳认为,正常的“社会结构”是一种有阶层、地位、贫富差别的体制,“反结构”是没有等级之分、贫富之别、男女之别的时空,具有消除不满和发泄情绪的功能,很多重要节庆仪式就是属于“反结构”。中国古代元宵节是全民的狂欢节。在节日期间,人人尽兴而乐,可以缓
多媒体技术与超文本技术的结合形成了【 】技术。
最新回复
(
0
)