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  3. The Female Life Expectancy is Advantageous to Social Security Program One of the great advances of 20th century was increase

The Female Life Expectancy is Advantageous to Social Security Program One of the great advances of 20th century was increase

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问题          The Female Life Expectancy is Advantageous to Social Security Program
    One of the great advances of 20th century was increased life expectancy. This advance might have bankrupted Social Security, if it were not for women in the work force.
    When the Social Security program was created in the 1930s, life expectancy was 60 years,as compared to 75 years in the 1980s and 78 years today. With 1930s life expectancy, a great number of people were expected to pay Social Security taxes while they worked, but never live long enough to ever collect benefits. The early planners of the system understood that the prior contributions of the now-deceased were one way that a retiree could collect more in benefits than he paid in taxes.
    Although there are still some Americans who work, pay taxes, and then die before collecting Social Security benefits, this life cycle is much less common than it used to be. Thus you would think that Social Security would have had a huge deficit years ago.
    Once they turn 62 years old, married people, widows and widowers are eligible for Social Security, regardless of whether they ever worked for pay during their lifetimes. When Social Security was in the planning stages, it was expected that most working-age couples would have only one person working (and thereby paying the payroll tax)—typically the husband. Yet when these couples retired, Social Security would pay benefit checks to both of them as long as they lived. Thus, a payroll tax rate was planned that could bring in enough revenue from working men to pay both the retired men and the retired women.
    History did not quite turn out that way. In fact, millions of married women worked for pay and paid the payroll taxes as they did. This was largely profit for the Social Security system, because the system would have paid those women benefits regardless.
    The revenues of governments in the future will depend just as much on how women spend their time. Governments can expect more revenue if women continue significantly with their labor market progress, and less revenue if some of women’s payroll gains are reversed in the years ahead.
What does the word "deficit" (Line 6, Para. 3)mean?
选项 A、Profit.
B、Shortage.
C、Backwardness.
D、Progress.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词deficit定位到文章第3段第2句：Thus you would thinkthat Social Security would have had a huge deficit years ago．即这会让你觉得社会保障会面临巨大的……文章第2段提到上世纪三十年代很多人交了社会保障金但是由于过早死亡而不能从中受益。该段第1句提到:…this life cycle is much less common than it usedto be．说明现在人们的寿命延长了，领取保障金的人必然会增加，自然社会保障资金就会不足，有可能面临财政赤字。
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