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  3. 探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

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问题 探究科研领域的发展趋势
——1996年英译汉及详解
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【F2】This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.【F3】This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.【F4】However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’ s more fascinating and delightful aspects.【F5】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
【F2】
选项
答案这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
解析 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句的翻译、非限定性定语从句的翻译和被动句的译法。 本句的主干结构是：主句+when引导的时间状语，when=at that time当时，那时。第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句。cannot generally be foreseen in detail是demands that…引导的宾语从句的谓语。trend“趋势”；came to the conclusion“得出结论”；the specific demands“具体要求”：make of“向…提出”；scientific establishment“科研机构”：in detail“详尽”。
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