2. 外语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

admin2010-07-06  39
问题       In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
      The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
      Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again -- by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
      Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to 19th century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which  one has already  outgrown.  I  suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is ______.
选项 A、an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of society, though functioning smoothly
B、a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
C、a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
D、working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
答案A
解析 well-oiled指“加了油的，润滑的”，cog指“齿轮上的一个齿”，可见它在整个机器中作用并非很重要，比喻人虽然能正常发挥功能，但与整个社会相比，已经变得微不足道了。第一段提到that man has become powerless和the blue-and white-collar workers．．．bureaucratic management进一步说明了这一观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fsxd777K
本试题收录于： 公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语（PETS）分类
0

公共英语四级笔试

公共英语（PETS）

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)