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  3. A new study on mice uncovers some answers that could someday offer a powerful target for eliminating the recurrence of bad memor

A new study on mice uncovers some answers that could someday offer a powerful target for eliminating the recurrence of bad memor

admin2014-05-20  84
问题     A new study on mice uncovers some answers that could someday offer a powerful target for eliminating the recurrence of bad memories in humans, especially known to those who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD: mental disorder caused by accidents of emergency).
    "Fear memories are the most robust memories—they can last over a lifetime," says Nadine Gogol-la, a biologist at Harvard University and lead author on the paper published recently in the journal Science. "You can push them far back, but spontaneous recovery and relapses will happen. " Until now, science has been unable to stop this process—in humans or in mice.
    By repeating the previously reported rat findings, Gogolla and her colleagues found that at some point during a young mouse’s development—between about 16 and 23 days postnatal—a molecular net of sorts is cast over a region of the brain called the amygdala, effectively crystallizing formerly changeable memories.
    "It looks just like what you would expect from a fisherman’s net," says Gogolla of the protein matrix(a living part in which something is formed)under the microscope. "And it acts as a structural constraint on the cells. How it does that, nobody really knows. " But the result is that memories are held inside. What the researchers did learn was that by cutting that net—with an injection of an enzyme that digests the chains linking the matrix together—memories could be once again destabilized.
    "The drug cuts the net into its pieces," Gogolla says, "just like when you cut the strings of a net and it falls apart. " Then, for a couple of weeks, the original youthful plasticity in the neuronal circuits of the amygdala is regained and any bad memory formed after the matrix digestion could be subsequently eliminated through "extinction" therapy, a common treatment during which a patient is presented with the original fear trigger but in a context that is not fearful. When the treatment was given after a mouse underwent fear conditioning, however, extinction was unable to cut out that memory completely.
    "Because the treatment has to occur before a traumatic event, it’s hard to make it immediately available," notes Gogolla. " But it does help us in finding the underlying mechanisms. " Eventually, she hopes tools can be found that can be applied after fear—inducing experiences, and that translate from mice to humans. This would be welcome relief for the approximately 20 percent of all military personnel who have returned from Iraq and Afghanistan reporting symptoms of PTSD, not to mention for heartbroken couples.
What is said about the fearful memories in the passage?
选项 A、They cause many people to suffer from PTSD.
B、Mice are still more influenced by them than humans.
C、They will never be completely erased as we expected.
D、Gogolla has found an effective way to eliminate them.
答案C
解析 细节题。由题干关键词fearful memories定位至第二段首句。该段首先引用了哈佛大学生物学家纳丁.格古拉的话：恐怖的记忆是最顽固的——它们能够持续一生。这是典型的英文开篇模式，通过引用或举例的方式引出文章主题。通过浏览后面的内容可知：恐怖记忆可以暂时消除，但它们会自然地复苏和重现。迄今为止，科学对这一过程还无能为力。显然作者是要用权威的话证明恐怖记忆很难被彻底消除，故正确答案为选项[C]。
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