首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives tha
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives tha
admin
2010-09-25
72
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor. Indeed, a textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for a half century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their way in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every field of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies on Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating against today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book published by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research in the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems — dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people — is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s a tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.
Recent research findings prove that ______ .
选项
A、rewards can result in low productivity
B、behaviorism is still influential in America
C、positive reinforcement still work wonders
D、there is a crisis of values in American school
答案
A
解析
细节性理解题。文章,第四段集中讨论了奖励(rewards)或正激励(positive reinforcement)对人们的动力和工作效率的影响。提出了与行为主义截然不同的看法,即奖励不但不利于提高人的工作效率和动机,反而扼杀人们工作的兴趣,降低工作效率,故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ftz7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
ScientistssaythewarmingoftheEarth’satmospherehasbeguntoaffectplantandanimallifearoundtheworld.Scientistsfrom
Throughouttheworld36millionpeoplearesufferingfromAIDS,whichismorethan______(整个澳大利亚的人口).
RainforestsTropicalrainforestsarethemostdiverseecosystem(生态系统)onEarth,andalsotheoldest.Today,tropicalrainfo
A、Becausethepigwasinhisgarden.B、Becauseitagainsnuffledintohispotatopatch.C、BecauseGriffinwasaBritishsoldier.
A、ItoftensnowsheavilyintheScottishHighlands.B、Itneversnowsheavilyineverypartofthecountry.C、Trainsandbusesar
A、Becausetheyhadtowaitforalongtimebythelift.B、Becausetheywereboredfornothingtodobutstandingbythelift.C、
Indepartmentstoresandclosetsallovertheworld,theyarewaiting.Theiroutwardappearanceseemsratherappealingbecauset
A、It’sbecausetherearemanydevelopingnations.B、It’sbecausepeopleusetoomanyman-madematerials.C、It’sbecausewehave
Longbeforethefirst【B1】______arrivedinAmerican,astrangelookinganimallivedonthewestern【B2】______.Itlookedsomewha
Thedrasticchangesintheinternationalsituation___________________(把建立国际新秩序的问题进一步提到了全世界面前).
随机试题
下列哪项是肺阴虚证与燥邪犯肺证的主要区别()
在按份之债中,()。
关于沥青路面弯沉值评定,以下说法正确的是()。
在工资项目设置中,设置工资项目“其他补贴”为条件公式。条件公式名称为“三八妇女节过节费”,默认值“0”条件项目:【内容】 【金额】性别=女100
U会计师事务所接受委托对X公司20×4年度财务报表及其相关内部控制有效性进行整合审计。A注册会计师接受指派担任项目合伙人。审计工作底稿中记载的有关X公司内部控制设计和运行的部分内容摘录如下:(1)X公司货币资金支付管理办法规定,单笔付款金额在50
下列声称属于营养素功能声称的是()。
课程标准作为衡量教育质量的基本依据,其核心部分是()。
以下句子中关联词使用不正确的是()。
某国有企业在经营期间有偷漏税款行为,被某区国家税务局查获,某区国家税务局对该企业作出决定,责令其3日内补交偷漏税款,如逾期不补将另行作出罚款决定。该企业对某区国家税务局的上述具体行政行为不服。下列选项正确的是()。
CultureShockPeoplehavedifficultyin【T1】toanewculturecompletely【T1】______differentfromtheirown.I.Thephasesof
最新回复
(
0
)