2. 计算机
  3. The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used．Architec

The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used．Architec

admin2019-02-25  5
问题 The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used．Architecture design is a very complex process that is often left to experienced architecture designers and consultants．The first step is to refine the  ①  into more detailed requirements that are then employed to help select the architecture to be used and the software components to be placed on each device．In a  ② ，one also has to decide whether to use a two—tier,three—tier,or n—tier architecture．Then the requirements and the architecture design are used to develop the hardware and software specification．There are four primary types of nonfunctional requirements that can be important in designing the architecture．  ③  specify the operating environment(s)in which the system must perform and how those may change over time．  ④  focus on the nonfunctional requirements issues such as response time，capacity,and reliability．  ⑤  are the abilities to protect the information system from disruption and data loss，whether caused by an intentional act．Cultural and political requirements are specific to the countries in which the system will be used．
⑤处应填入？
选项 A、Safety requirements
B、Security requirements
C、Data management requirements
D、System requirements
答案B
解析 架构设计确定了整体架构及被使用的软件和硬件的布局。架构设计是一个非常复杂的过程，通常由经验丰富的架构设计师和顾问来完成。第一步是将非功能性需求细化为更详细的需求，然后用于帮助选择要使用的架构以及每个设备上部署的软件构件。在一个客户机胡艮务器架构中，还需要决定是使用两层、三层还是N层架构。然后，需求和架构设计被用来开发硬件和软件规格说明。在设计架构时主要有四类非功能需求比较重要：操作需求确定了系统执行所需的运行环境以及这些环境可能随时间发生哪些变化；性能需求主要关注如响应时间，容量和可靠性等非功能性需求问题；安全需求是保护信息系统免受无论是否是有意的行为而造成损毁和数据丢失的能力；文化和政治需求取决于系统将要被使用的国家。
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